Browsing by Author "Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela"

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Actualización bibliográfica de la cirugía bariátrica, indicaciones y complicaciones
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-29) Reyes Ramón, Michael Sebastián; Taboada Paute, Bryam David; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Bariatric surgery procedures have significantly increased worldwide and have evolved from open surgery to laparoscopic surgery. Although complication and mortality rates have decreased, 40% of patients still face postoperative complications. This descriptive study aimed to describe the indications, techniques, and complications of bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity. An exhaustive search was conducted in Pubmed and ScienceDirect using the PICO strategy. Then, 199 articles published between 2018 and 2022 were included, of which 44 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that bariatric surgery is effective in the treatment of morbid obesity and its comorbidities. Bariatric procedures are classified according to their mechanism of action as restrictive, malabsorptive, or mixed. The main indication for its adoption was having a BMI of ≥ 40 kg/m2 or BMI > 35 kg/m2 following comorbidities. In addition, it is important to consider the complications after this type of operation, which can be classified as early, like bleeding (23%), anastomotic leak (18%), and anastomotic stenosis (11%), and late, like hernias (21%), stenosis, and marginal ulceration (12%). Studies indicate that bariatric surgery causes significant weight loss in the medium term (%EWL: ≥ 70% and %TWL: ≥ 30%) and long term (%EWL: ≥ 50% and %TWL: ≥ 30%); in addition, it improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it is also necessary to apply an individualized and multidisciplinary approach to each patient.
Aplicación test finnish diabetes risk score combinado con determinación de glucosa en ayunas en docentes de la Universidad de Cuenca 2019
(2019-10-14) Matovelle Carrillo, Xavier Francisco; Ordóñez Arteaga, Marlitt Elisa; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), is a chronic non-communicable disease of great morbidity and mortality and preventable. Different tests have been generated to identify the risk of presenting it, such as Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC), a tool to determine the risk of developing it on 10 years. Since there is a relationship between teachers’ habits and the predisposition to chronic non-communicable diseases and in the absence of research in this population, this study was developed. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: to apply the FINDRISC test combined with the determination of fasting blood glucose levels in teachers of the University of Cuenca in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of teachers of the University of Cuenca, a universe of 1162 professors and a randomized sample of 319 participants, a confidence interval of 97% and error range of 3%. The FINDRISC test was applied and those teachers’ results with moderate-high risk score fasting glucose blood levels were analyzed. RESULTS: After the application of FINDRISC, 51.1% were men. An average age of 42.3 years. 46.7% were overweight. 40.1% have a low risk of developing diabetes in 10 years while 11.9%, 5.3% and 0.9% have a moderate, high and very high risk respectively. In addition, 0.9% have a previously unidentified pre-diabetes chart. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants had a low and slightly high risk of developing diabetes the next ten years. However, 0.94% of prediabetes was identified, finding greater risk in teachers at the Faculty of Health Sciences
Asociación hiperglucemia postoperatoria con complicaciones postoperatorias. Pacientes mayores de 40 años. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga - 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-16) Andrade Novillo, María Camila; Argudo Campos, Jennifer Michelle; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
The American Diabetes Association recognizes that a postoperative hyperglycemia greater than or equal to 180 mg/dL is associated with an increased rate of postoperative infections and hospitalization costs. Preoperative and postoperative hyperglycemia are a negative but modifiable factor for the patient after surgery patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between postoperative hyperglycemia and complications in patients older than 40 years at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in 2019. METHODS AND MATERIALS An observational, analytic, transversal, retrospective study was conducted, including clinical histories of patients 40 years and above who entered general surgery at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in 2019. The data collected with Epi Info forms was analyzed and codified with IBM SPSS V.25 educational license, using number, frequencies and percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation. In the analysis of bivariate data, we used the Chi-square to estimate statistically significant differences when p < 0.05. The prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the association between variables. RESULTS We found a mean of 64 years (13 years); 55,1% of the participants are of masculine gender. The prevalence of preoperative hyperglycemia was 28,1% and of postoperative hyperglycemia was 11,5%. A statistically significant association was found between postoperative complications and masculine gender (p 0.008), the presence of comorbidities (p 0.000), preoperative hyperglycemia (p 0.000) and postoperative hyperglycemia (p 0.003). CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant association was found between postoperative complications and masculine gender, the presence of comorbidities, preoperative hyperglycemia and postoperative hyperglycemia (p 0.003).
Características de adenomas hipofisarios en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga”. Cuenca, 2012-2016.
(2018) García Iñiguez, Juan Diego; Barahona Ulloa, Wilson Fabricio; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: Pituitary adenomas are present in up to 25% of the general population, being mainly benign and asymptomatic. Objective: To determine the characteristics of pituitary adenomas at the José Carrasco Arteaga hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted. Data was collected from medical records with a definitive diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. The variables studied were demographic, subtype of adenoma and chosen treatment. For the processing of results, descriptive statistics were used by means of PSPP software. Results: There were 250 cases with pituitary adenomas, 179 women (71.6%), 126 (50.4%), adults. The most frequent diagnosis age was between 20 and 39 years. The microadenoma was the most frequent type with 164 cases (65.6%). The clinical presentation was symptomatic in 225 cases (90%). 176 (70.4%) adenomas detected showed excess hormonal production. Prolactinoma was the most common subtype 146 (58.4%). The most used treatment was pharmacological, in 200 patients (80%). Conclusions: The results are similar to the literature reviewed, although in this study the symptomatic presentation predominated over the incidental form and the percentage difference between female and male was greater, especially among the non-functioning subtypes.
Características de citología Bethesda III y IV en pacientes con patología nodular tiroidea en el Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA. Cuenca-Ecuador. 2009-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-04-29) Conce Cuenca, Erika Andrea; Piedra Vásquez, Guido Alexander; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Ojeda Orellana, Karina Paola
Background: The Indeterminate categories of the Bethesda 2017 system of thyroid nodules present different percentages of risk of malignancy, which is why the study was carried out. Target. Describe the characteristics of Bethesda III and IV cytology in patients with nodular thyroid pathology at the SOLCA Cuenca Cancer Institute in the years 2009 - 2019. Method. Cross-sectional descriptive study collected information from the medical records of patients with nodular thyroid pathology in the period 01/01/2009 to 12/31/2019, the sample being category III and IV cytopathological results, a form was used to obtain the frequency and percentage of sociodemographic characteristics, and therapeutic management of thyroid nodules; frequency and percentage tables were made in SPSS v21. Results. The data indicate that 36.1% of patients with nodular thyroid pathology are in the Bethesda AUS/FLUS and FN/FSN categories; affecting women older than 55 years with 64.5% and 54.5%, respectively; who resides in the province of Azuay, with 51.6% of patient’s category Bethesda III, and category Bethesda IV is 75%. The surgical approach is the most used, with total thyroidectomy being the surgery of choice and after performing a biopsy of the same, most patients have malignant nodules. Conclusions. The patients with the highest risk of suffering from a malignant nodular pathology are women over 55 years of age; The treatment of choice is total thyroidectomy, which seeks to limit the disease and prevent it from compromising the patient's life. Keywords. Thyroid nodules. Bethesda system. Follicular lesion or lesion of uncertain significance. Follicular neoplasia or suspected follicular neoplasia.
Características epidemiológicas y clínicas del carcinoma diferenciado de Tiroides en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2010-2015
(2017) Torres Altamirano, Johana Alexandra; Vásquez Malacatus, Claudia Cecibel; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
Background: In recent years the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. The differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) corresponds to more than 80% of thyroid malignancies affecting more women and people over 45 years of age.1 Overall Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma José Carrasco Arteaga of Cuenca Hospital during 2010-2015. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study, cross-sectional study of 519 medical records information collected from 2010 to 2015. Information was recorded in a form pre-designed and analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software, obtaining the frequency and percentage of each variable. Results: 519 medical records were reviewed with diagnosis of CDT, the 60.1% were patient’s ≥ 45 years of age. It was more common in women (83.6%). 86.3% come from the Sierra region. The palpable nodule represented the main form of presentation (68.2%). The most frequent histological variant was papillary (95.4). The 91.7% Total thyroidectomy. Ultrasound (96.6%) and serum thyroglobulin (96.0%) were the most commonly used methods of control. The year 2010 was 10.8% of cases of CDT and in 2015 amounted to 24.3%. Conclusions: The frequency of CDT in our environment has been increasing, especially in women and in patient’s ≥ 45 years of age. Of the total patients palpation of thyroid nodule it was the most common clinical manifestation and almost entirely performed total thyroidectomy
Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y factores pronósticos de recurrencia en pacientes con carcinoma de tiroides bien diferenciado en el Instituto de Cáncer SOLCA 2013 – 2018 Cuenca – Ecuador
(2019-10-14) Bermeo Culcay, Andrea Belén; Carmona Carrillo, Diego Patricio; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Ojeda Orellana, Karina Paola
Background: Thyroid neoplasms has been increasing in recent years, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (CDT) corresponds to approximately 80% of thyroid tumors affecting a greater number of people under 55 years of age of female preference. General Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics and recurrence factors in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the SOLCA Cuenca Cancer Institute, during the 2013 – 2018 period. Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive study. The medical records of patients with a diagnosis of CDT were obtained from the SOLCA Cuenca Cancer Institute database, the information was recorded on the collection form, subsequently stored and analyzed with the Microsoft EXCEL 2016 program and SPSS version 25.0 Results: Data were collected from 580 patients with CDT of which 65.9% were younger than 55 years, women obtained 87.6%, the year with the most cases was 2018 with 21.6%. the symptomatology that predominates are thyroid nodules (53.4%) and incidentalomas (46.6%); papillary CDT is the most frequent with 96.2%. Of the patients with metastases, 97.2% correspond to the nodes. Surgical treatment was performed in 99.3% and iodotherapy in 85.2% of patients. The risk of intermediate recurrence was observed in 44.7%. Conclusions: CDT was more frequent in 2018, in women under 55 with palpable nodule and incidentalomas. In which surgical treatment and iodotherapy was applied; with a risk of intermediate recurrence.
Cuantificación de niveles de hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Hospital Santa Inés en el período de abril 2022 – mayo 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-07) Chen Chen, Hao Wei; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, metabolic disease due to the presence of hyperglycemia. In 2015, the worldwide prevalence of T2DM was 9.1%, approximately 415 million adults. Thyroid dysfunction is an impairment in the secretion of thyroid hormones. It presents clinically as subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Outcomes: To determine the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), clinical and epidemiological characteristics in patients with T2DM in the Hospital Santa Inés of Cuenca from April 2022 to May 2023. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. In a population of 95 patients with T2DM, a form was used to collect sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data from medical records in patients with T2DM who attended the endocrinology outpatient clinic. Results: The serum TSH level in patients with T2DM was a median of 2.44 (IQR: 1.62 – 3.28) mUI/L. The 94.74% (90) patients corresponded to an age between 40 and 65 years old. The median time of T2DM evolution was 5 years. The most frequent comorbidity was dyslipidemia in 35.79% of the population, followed by arterial hypertension with 37.89%, and 2 patients with chronic renal failure. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM had a median serum TSH level of 2.44 mUI/L. The cohort was predominantly female, with an age group between 40 and 65 years old, and a median time of evolution of T2DM of 5 years. The most common thyroid dysfunction found was subclinical hypothyroidism in 14 patients
Determinación del riesgo cardiovascular y frecuencia de comorbilidades asociadas en las pacientes con síndrome de ovario poliquístico atendidas en el Centro de Especialidades Médicas Cuenca, Ecuador. Enero 2022 - julio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-01) Gutiérrez Barragán, María Agusta; Gutiérrez Barragán, María del Cisne; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition that commonly affects women of reproductive age and is associated with various complications, including cardiovascular risk. This condition has been linked to long-term effects such as insulin resistance, which can lead to metabolic disorders. The lack of a comprehensive approach to these effects during the treatment of PCOS may limit the effective implementation of preventive strategies, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk and frequency of comorbidities in patients with PCOS treated at the Centre of Medical Specialties in Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period from January 2022 to July 2023. For this purpose, a descriptive study was carried out using information from a database that included patients diagnosed with PCOS treated in the center, and the ACC/AHA 2013 calculator was used to assess cardiovascular risk. Demographic and clinical information was collected through clinical history review. The results were that the majority of patients were between 20 and 30 years of age, with a high percentage coming from urban areas, in terms of cardiovascular risk, most are in the high and intermediate risk category. The most common comorbidities were insulin resistance and obesity/overweight. These results highlight the need for comprehensive management of metabolic conditions associated with PCOS.
Diabetes tipo 2 y su relación con el desarrollo de COVID-19 severo. Revisión Bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-05-28) Cedillo Cedillo, Ángel Francisco; Rodas Zea, Daniela Caridad; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: in Ecuador, by October 24, 2022, there were 1.01 million infected individuals and 35,908 deaths due to COVID-19. Despite the predominance of mild forms of the infection, severe cases occur mostly in individuals with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, the latter being the third leading cause of mortality in the country. Therefore, it is necessary to generate changes in the approach to this population group. Objective: to identify type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for acquiring severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology: through a search equation designed by the authors, studies with level of evidence Ia, Ib were identified from the Pubmed database. Results: 435 articles were obtained using the search equation together with the language and type of study filters. Thirty articles were eliminated due to inclusion and exclusion criteria and unavailable studies, 217 due to title, abstract and PICO question. A total of 188 were reviewed to select the studies with the best level of evidence, including 31 articles for the present literature review. Conclusion: diabetes should be considered as an independent risk factor for the development of severe COVID-19, according to the criteria defined in this study. Moreover, its associated factors predispose to the development of the severe form of the infection. The drugs used prior to the acquisition of COVID-19 determine the mortality risk of the diabetic patient
Frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 durante la emergencia sanitaria Hospital Santa Inés Cuenca 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-03-19) Alvear Ayabaca, Isaac David; Arteaga Figueroa, Erika Alejandra; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with great magnitude worldwide, which frequently has an association with psychiatric disorders, both because of its lifestyle changes and adaptation to drug treatment, and because of its physiopathological relationship. During the COVID 19 health emergency, confinement and social isolation can be factors that trigger an increase in the prevalence of these disorders in patients with diabetes. Objective: to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes, in the endocrinology outpatient department of Santa Inés Hospital during the COVID 19 health emergency. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive study. The PHQ-9 questionnaire for depression and the BECK questionnaire for anxiety were applied. A sample of 90 patients was obtained who were surveyed through an electronic form in Google Forms by telephone. The data records were analyzed with the SPSS program version 23.0. Results: A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed, 66,7% are women. Half of the population have an average age of 40 to 64 years. The frequency of anxiety is 56,6% and the most predominant degree is mild anxiety with 56,9%. Depression is present in 33,3% of the population, with mild depression being the most frequent with 66,7%. We found that patients with poor glycemic control have 39,3% anxiety and 22,3% depression. Conclusion: During the COVID 19 health emergency, patients with type 2 diabetes presented 56,67% anxiety and 33,3% depression. This indicates frequency of anxiety and depression has not increased during the health emergency, because it may be related to the own characteristics of the disease.
Frecuencia y características de disfunción eréctil en pacientes varones adultos con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, durante un periodo de 6 meses en el año 2016. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso
(2017) Castro Neira, Alejandro Virgilio; Sarmiento Pesántez, Pablo Andrés; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
BACKGROUND: diabetes mellitus is a health problem that increases its incidence and prevalence worldwide, erectile dysfunction being one of the most important microvascular and neurological consequences OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and characteristics of erectile dysfunction in adult male patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during a period of 6 months in 2016. METHODS: a descriptive quantitative, study was performed in adult male patients with a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus who were evaluated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital for a period of 6 months in 2016. RESULTS: this study showed that there is a very high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (93.9%) in thepopulation. With increasing age, erectile dysfunction increases. Those with university education showed higher percentages of non-dysfunction. As longer as you have Type 2 diabetes mellitus, greater wasthe erectile dysfunction. Cases with moderate or severe erectile dysfunction are more common. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital is high. Age, low schooling, time to progress of diabetes, poor glycemic control and association of hypertension are related to severe degrees of erectile dysfunction.
Frecuencia y características de la Nefropatía Diabética en consulta externa del Hospital Regional Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador, 2014–2016.
(2018) Bernal Padrón, Bibiana Carolina; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is a microangiopathy, with high cardiovascular risk that burdens public health, which represents the main cause of end-stage renal disease in developing countries. Objectives: Describe the frequency and characteristics of diabetic nephropathy in the consultation clinic of “Vicente Corral Moscoso” Hospital. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed in search of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetics in Endocrinology and Nephrology consults, during 2014–2016, by reviewing digital medical history. Variable categories considered: sociodemographic data, diabetic condition, comorbidities/complications and biomarkers. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentages, central tendency and dispersion measures in Excel 2016©. Results: This study determined a 19.5% frequency of diabetic nephropathy in 2‟236 type 2 diabetics. Distribution of 355 cases; Sociodemographic: 58.87% female, 98.87% half-caste Hispanics, 91.27% Azuay residence, 52.11% >65 years. Diabetic condition: 41.97% diabetic duration >15 years, 48.17% inadequate glycemic control with HbA1c >8.0%, 56.06% interdisciplinary insulin-based treatment. Comorbidities/ chronic complications: 72.96% Hypertension, 61.41% Dyslipidemia, 54.08% Diabetic retinopathy. Renal damage biomarkers: 84.79% reduced glomerular filtration rate by MDRD-4 (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2), 51.55% Macroalbuminuria, determining a very high risk of renal progression in 54.93%. Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy frequency in the consult clinic of “Vicente Corral Moscoso” Hospital, is associated with older age, longer diabetic duration and comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, displaying a predominant macroalbuminuric phenotype.
Frecuencia y características de las alteraciones del perfil lipídico en pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador 2016
(2017) Aguilera Quezada, María Paola; Fernández Caibinagua, Claudia Daniela; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
Due to the increase of diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism in the last years, studies have been carried out to demonstrate the alteration of the lipid profile in these patients. There are statistically significant alterations in some, while in others the relationship has not been established. Objectives To determine the frequency and characteristics of alterations in the lipid profile of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador 2016. Methodology Descriptive study with a sample of 89 patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. The data was registered in a data form according to the clinical records and laboratory tests of patients who were attended in 2016, either by control or new diagnosis. A database was developed in the program SPSS version 15. The analyzed variables were: TSH, free T3, free T4, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, nutritional status, sex, age and habit of smoking. The data was processed using frequency distribution, mean and standard diverted. The information was presented in tables and graphs. Results At the end of the study, 42 (47.2%) out of the 89 patients presented alterations in total cholesterol level, while 47 (52.8%) did not; 55.1% (49) showed alterations in HDL, while 44.9% did not; 9 patients (10.1%) had alterations in LDL and 80 (89.9%) maintained normal levels; and 44 (49.4%) had alterations in triglycerides, while 45 patients (50.6%) did not. Conclusion The frequency of alterations in the lipid profile of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, who were attended in the Endocrinology Service at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, changes according to the lipid. However, the lipid which presents more alterations is HDL, then triglycerides, cholesterol and at the last LDL
Frecuencia y comorbilidades de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en niños de 5 a 15 años atendidos en el Hospital Básico de Paute desde enero de 2019 a diciembre de 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-06-21) Carpio Martínez, David Francisco; Cordero Ávila, Mariangel; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: Today, we are living through an epidemiological transition in which chronic degenerative diseases are becoming more prevalent. Overweight and obesity are increasing problems not only in Ecuador and Latin America, but all over the world. Objective: To identify the frequency and comorbidities of childhood overweight and obesity in children aged from 5 to 15, at the Hospital Básico de Paute, during the period 2019–2021. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done. The anonymized database of the Hospital Básico de Paute was used, during the period January 2019 to December 2021. A total of 770 patient reports that met the established criteria were used. Results: Out of 3648 reports from patients aged 5 to 15, 770 (21.10%) had a weight greater than normal. 11.43% were at risk of being overweight, 7.87% were overweight, and 1.81% were obese. The majority were men (53%), and they lived in urban areas (83.10%). Out of the total number of overweight and obese patients, 56.80% and 78.80%, respectively, were men. Out of the total number of patients, 20% presented one of the following comorbidities: Insulin Resistance (9.90%), dyslipidemia (9.20%), and Diabetes Mellitus 2 (0.90%). Conclusions: We found 417 reports at risk of overweight, 287 overweight, and 66 obese. The most prevalent comorbidity in our study group was Insulin resistance, followed by dyslipidemia. The group of patients with obesity presented the highest percentage of comorbidities
Frecuencia, características clínico-demográficas y complicaciones de los pacientes con tirotoxicosis, atendidos en consulta externa del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso en el periodo noviembre 2014 – octubre 2015
(2017) Galán Ramírez, Cecibel del Cisne; Jaramillo Cuenca, Yuleisi Victoria; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
Background: In the world millions of people suffer from thyroid disorders. Hyperthyroidism affects 1.9% of the female population and 0.2% of the males, associating itself with complications and comorbidities. Objective: To determine the frequency, demographic-clinic characteristics and complications of the patients with thyrotoxicosis in our environment. Methodological Design: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was done by using a method of signing in 162 patients over 18 years of age that were diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis, data (information) were obtained from clinical history, through an application form. The programs that were used to process all this data were Excel 2013 and SPSS version 22. These are all presented on the boards. Results: 1.6% of the patients were diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis in Vicente Corral Hospital, from November 2014 to October 2015. The medium of age was 44.59 year old, with prevalence of females at 80.9%. The majority originated from the sierra with 88%. In only 8.6% of the patients, this was caused due to smoking. The most frequent symptom was weight loss with 59.3%. The most common sign was goiter with 59.9%, the main cause, Graves’ disease with 69.1%, more frequent on females with 54.3%, at the age of 31 – 40 years old 17.9%. The main treatment used is the pharmacological in 90.7% of the cases. The neuropsychiatric complications have more frequency with a 41.4%. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of thyrotoxicosis, more often in females in a reproductive age, its main etiology is Graves’ disease and main pharmacological treatment.
Impacto de la intervención educativa en los pacientes de los clubes de diabéticos de los centros de salud Carlos Elizalde, el Valle y San Pedro del Cebollar, Distrito 01D02, Cuenca, 2018
(2018) Galarza Pangol, Pamela Belén; Morocho Pindo, Cristina Fernanda; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Ojeda Orellana, Paola Karina
Background: in 2015, according to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 415 million adults between 20 and 79 years of age diagnosed with diabetes worldwide, compared to 108 million in 1980. Considering that self-care is an important part of the treatment and control of hyperglycemia, these figures suggest that patients lack the knowledge necessary to perform an adequate control of their disease. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the educational intervention on the patients of the diabetic clubs of the health centers Carlos Elizalde, El Valle and San Pedro del Cebollar, District 01D02, Cuenca, 2018. Methodology: a quasi-experimental study was conducted, in which 107 diabetic patients belonging to three clubs of District 01D02 of Canton Cuenca were evaluated; through the "Diabetes self-care activities questionnaire (SDSCA)". The educational intervention was developed in three sessions, of 45 minutes each, in the fourth session the same questionnaire was applied. The data were analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. The demographic variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics: frequency and percentages. For the rest of the variables, the statistical measures that were used were: average, minimum and maximum values through tables; and to evaluate the impact, the McNemar scale was used. Results: The study population consisted of 107 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 who attended the diabetic clubs during the March - June period of 2018, with 81.31%, the majority were women, 64.69% were 65 years or older, the predominant marital status was married with 5.07%, 46.7% belonged to the IV social stratum (working class), 32.71% had completed basic education followed by 28.97% with no level of education. The overweight people were 45.79%. Prior to the educational intervention, 21.5% had good self-care practices, while after that, it increased to 52.3%
Manejo clínico y terapéutico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Básico de Sucúa durante el año 2016
(2019) Ávila Gárate, Katherine Gabriela; Cárdenas Cárdenas, Daniel Fernando; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela; Roldán Fernández, José Vicente
Background: In Ecuador, in 2014 the INEC reported as the second cause of general mortality to diabetes mellitus, which together with ischemic diseases of the heart, dyslipidemias and cerebrovascular disease, contribute the highest burden of consultations and hospital admissions since two decades ago. Objective: To determine the clinical and therapeutic management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients treated at the Basic Hospital of Sucúa, in 2016. Methodology: A descriptive and quantitative study was carried out; constituted by 143 patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 treated in the outpatient service of the Basic Hospital of Sucúa. For the collection of data, medical records and a form were used. The data processing was done IBM SPSS 15.0. For the analysis descriptive statistics was used, the results are presented in the relevant tables. Results: 60.8% are between 35 and 64 years old, 70% are women, 26.6% self-identify as indigenous, the BMI of 81.9% is .925. In pharmacological treatment, 27.9% received biguanides, 11.8% insulin and 48.9% combined oral antidiabetics. With respect to the control, 22.4% presented a normal glycemia value, 28.5% an acceptable control of HbA1c and 45.5% of normal cholesterol. On the control of complications, 79% did not undergo an electrocardiogram and 45% had a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: The patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 that go to the Basic Hospital of Sucúa do not have all the associated complications controls, respect to the therapeutic management the ADOs were the most used treatment
Microbiota intestinal y obesidad: relación fisiopatológica del eje intestino cerebro. Revisión Bibliográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-04) Maldonado Arias, Sergio David; León Arévalo, Miguel Angel; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease and is considered the pandemic of the 21st century, characterized by an excess of adipose tissue. In Ecuador, the obesity rate is 25.6% in women and 15% in men, ranking 115th out of 200 countries in terms of prevalence. The alteration of the gut microbiota and its interaction with the gut-brain axis are part of the pathophysiology of obesity, and the recognition of these mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic approaches. This study aims to describe the relationship between the intestinal microbiota, the gut-brain axis, and the development of obesity through a bibliographic review. An integral review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and other studies was conducted, analyzing articles published between January 2018 and December 2022 in Spanish and English obtained from PubMed. Fourteen articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis. Genetic sequencing was used to evaluate the microbiota, finding that the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was significantly higher in obese individuals, indicating an alteration in microbial composition and lower diversity. Interventions such as high-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation were found to be effective in regulating the composition of the microbiota in obese individuals. The intestinal microbiota, through its composition, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of obesity. Its relationship with the gut-brain axis and the expression of metabolites has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches for managing obesity.
Niveles de Vitamina D relacionados con índice de masa corporal y perímetro abdominal en los estudiantes matriculados en la rotación de pediatría de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca enero 2024 - mayo 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-05) Beltrán Gálvez, Romina Alejandra; Fernández Landivar, Vanessa Estefania; Jiménez Encalada, Marcia Gabriela
Background: The deficiency of vitamin is considered a public health issue and a critical research topic due to its high prevalence in Latin America. In particular, low levels of vitamin D have been associated with nutritional disorders. Objective: To determine the levels of vitamin D and their relation with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference among pediatric students in the medicine school at the University of Cuenca, in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with last year students who completed the “Pediatrics” rotation from September 2023 to February 2024. The studied population consists of 57 individuals, of which 50 were selected. The data collection process was performed through a survey, anthropometric measurements, and vitamin D dosage, all stored in an anonymous database, organized in Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Descriptive tables with percentages, frequencies, and associations were presented using the Chi-square test. Results: A total of 50 students were registered, of which 56% were female, 98% identified as “mestizo”. On this, the 42.9% of women and 36.4% of men had increased abdominal circumference, and 24% of them presented overweight condition. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 92%. The results allowed us to establish an association between altered BMI, sun exposure, and sunscreen use with vitamin D deficiency. The timing of sun exposure for the samples (between 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM) did not present a relation with vitamin D deficiency.