Browsing by Author "Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael"

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Análisis comparativo de la influencia del caudal base de las subcuencas de los ríos Machángara, Tarqui y Yanuncay en el caudal base del río Paute durante el periodo de estiaje de los años 2009 a 2011
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-02) Quezada Ochoa, Christian Andrés; Quizhpi Calle, María del Carmen; Khachatryan, Aleksandr; Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael
Drying is a natural phenomenon that is manifest through rainfall below normal limits with duration, frequency and severity difficult to predict (Pacheco, Parra, & Avilés, 2017). During the dry season, the flow of the rivers comes mainly from the flow of groundwater (base flow). In the period 2009 to 2011 Ecuador went through different critical dry seasons, affecting the country's electricity generation. The Paute Hydroelectric Complex was also affected due to the low level of its reservoir, whose main tributary is the Paute river; and with it the water supply of the sub-basins that converge in it. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to know how in that period the base flow of the Paute river was influenced by the sub-basin of the Machángara river with artificial regulation in relation to the sub-basins of the Tarqui and Yanuncay rivers in which there is only natural regulation, and to carry out a comparative analysis of the characteristics associated with the base flow rate between them, through the use of non-linear recession analysis and digital filters. The sub-basin of the Machángara river during the analysis period contributed with 15% of base flow to the middle basin of the Paute river, in relation to the sub-basins of the Tarqui and Yanuncay rivers with 6% and 12% respectively. Also, its storage capacity was higher compared to the other sub-basins, a condition that may be due to existing reservoirs in the area. This study constitutes a hydrological analysis tool for the adequate arrangement and management of the water resource through the understanding of the physical characteristics associated with the base flow in sub-basins with natural and artificial regulation in the Andean region of Ecuador, especially in the Paute river basin.
Caracterización hidrológica del macro deslizamiento Chalacay
(2017) Torres Valverde, Tania Lorena; Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael
The entire basin of the Paute River appears as an unstable basin, which was worsened by human intervention and other major phenomena such as the landslide of the Tamuga hill, consequently intensifying and increasing several landslides along the entire Mazar reservoir, between those of greater interest, the Chalacay macro-slip has significant relevance, because in this, there are several deteriorated structures and unstable zones with presence of completely weathered slopes. Due to the evidence of the mass movement in Chalacay, an investigative and practical study was carried out with the aim of characterizing the current state of the Chalacay macro-slip in the hydrological and climatic aspects with the purpose of properly characterizing the study area. The hydrological behavior depends on several factors, however in the following work only four of them (precipitation, temperature, flow and evapotranspiration) will be studied, each one of this, will be analyzed separately in order to know its details. Meteorological data from the nearest stations were collected and processed, the flow was determined by hydrological methods and evapotranspiration was estimated in the study area. Then all these factors were analyzed together to determine a hydric balance to the zone. And finally, landfills were designed to control levels and measure the flow of surface water courses that circulate and affect the macro-slip and provide tools to improve the reservoir. The purpose of this project is to indirectly determine the amount of water that is in the unstable soil mass in order to give possible solutions to avoid the increasing of masses in the Chalacay macro-slip, to keep the risk as low as possible.
Caracterización hidrológica del macro deslizamiento de Llamacón
(2017) Gutiérrez Neira, Paula Katerine; Sánchez León, Pedro Javier; Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael
The area of Llamacón have had landslide problems before the construction of Mazar’s hydroelectric dam (2010), but a year after filling the reservoir a lot of cracks and fisures appeared. Since then, have been observed poor management of surface drainage. Until now, the studies have based on landslide control with topographical markers. The initial macro-landslide delimitation has been made through photointerpretation. Looking for contour lines, vegetation changes, escarpments, etc. The final macro-landslide delimitation was determined georeferencing useful points like: water outcrops, water infiltration, vegetation changes and cracks. It was realized a comparison between the water’s flow rate measured on September 2016 and the historical series of September that were obtained with the simplified water balance equation in order to achieve if exists water’s influence on the macro-landslide. According to basin’s characteristics it was assumed that there was no water stress and the rain is discharged into the reservoir instantly. A possible water’s influence can be observed in the water’s flow rate series obtained, however the measure on September 2016 is in the range of the historical series. It was also analized water’s flow rate infiltration with interbasin transfer where it was more evident the existence of water’s infiltration. The results indicate a possible water’s influence in macro-landslide, however there is no precision in the results because of the discontinuity of water’s flow rate measures. With the results it was proposed the continuous control of the zone with dumps for future water infiltration analysis that will determinate the extent of influence of water’s infiltration in the macro-landslide.
Caracterización hidrológica del macro deslizamiento Guarumales
(2017) Cordero Mera, Andrea Estefanía; Peñafiel Martínez, Natalia Cumandá; Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael
Earth movements trigger environmental, social and economic impacts. An example of this type of disaster is the macro slide "La Josefina" that caused the damming of the Paute river, whose discharge caused innumerable problems to the town of Paute and its surroundings, and the reactivation of landslides along the Paute river. Among the reactivated landslides is the Guarumales macro sliding, which is the central theme of the present study. Its importance lies in the fact that the most vulnerable zone is located in the operation camp of the Paute Molino Hydroelectric Power Plant, which currently supplies around 27% of energy to the country. The most important natural factor that has triggered the constant movement of the slope is the accumulation of water related to the high rainfall of the area (about 3000 mm / year). The objective of this work is to obtain a hydrological characterization, by a water balance with the calculation of inflows and outflows. As a result an "imbalance" was obtained, caused by a significant loss of water. The largest deficit occurred in the foot of the macro slide. This confirms the initial hypothesis that the increase of the movement of the macro sliding is related to the infiltration and accumulation of water, by cracks present in the site and slopes not properly oriented or ditches and drains deviated, causing a fine material wash, reduction of the resistance and the increase of the pore pressure of soil. It is recommended the construction of weirs, which will serve as points of control and monitoring of the runoff. As well as, the continuation of this work realizing gauging during a hydrological year, and the investigation of groundwater and seismic activity in the site. Which will provide an integral model of the situation, risks and threats in the Guarumales macro sliding. Key words: macro sliding, Guarumales, hydrological characterization, water balance, weirs.
Determinación de las curvas duración-caudal para los ríos Paute D.J. Jadán
(2001) Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael; Ramírez Cabrera, Jenny Esmeralda; Estrella Aguilar, Rafael
Identificación del impacto producido por la minería en Quimsacocha en la recarga de aguas superficiales y subterráneas a través de un estudio hidrogeológico
(2017-10-15) Pesántez Parra, Carla Elizabeth; Guzmán Cárdenas, Pablo Ismael
Water can be a renewable natural resource as long as there is appropriate knowledge and control of activities that impact its cycle. The Andean páramos regulate this resource due to its characteristics of climate, vegetation and soil, impacts produced in these zones represent a potential waste of capacity of regulation, causing irremediable losses. Changes in soil recharge and/or storage represent an important aspect of the artificial condition in páramo areas. This work analyzes the basic flow rates, which can be conceptualized as an expression of recharge and storage. The analysis of the base flows is done through different models, and from this analysis the possible degree of affection is established at the level of three microcatchments, Calluancay, Zhurucay, Quinuahuaycu, belonging to the Quimsacocha area. The area of Quimsacocha belongs to the Andes, located in the parish of Victoria del Portete, Azuay province, at a height of 3.960 m.a.s.l, with a cold climate and high relative humidity. Large-scale underground mining, Loma Larga, is located in the area with advanced exploration. This investigation highlights the potential impacts on the base flows and water recharge of the three microcatchments. Possible changes such as the reduction of base flows and storage are explained. A possible future condition in the regulation of water is revealed with the implementation of a mining activity.