Browsing by Author "Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor"

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Análisis del polielectrolito óptimo en el proceso de acondicionamiento de lodos biológicos previo a la deshidratación con filtros banda en la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de Ucubamba
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-22) Llivisaca Chiqui, Johanna Cristina; Peláez Vera, Marco Adrián; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The process carried out in the Ucubamba sludge dehydration plant is fundamental, since it avoids the contamination of ecosystems that could be affected by their mismanagement. Dehydration contemplates a reduction in the volume and content of water that make up the sludge, so that the sludge can be dehydrated, the plant conditions it with cationic type flocculants. The objective of this work was to find the flocculant that allows obtaining a moisture content in cake with a percentage lower than 70%. Of the 12 polymers considered, 4 were preselected, for which the doses and mixing speed were analyzed in a jar equipment. Once the experimental stage was concluded, a spreadsheet was developed that allowed to know and control key parameters such as: flow rates, concentrations and stirring speeds of the equipment used in the plant process, the different configurations were tested, obtaining the best results two flocculants that serve their intended purpose.
Biosorción de Cd (II) y Pb (II) en columna de lecho fijo con cáscara de cacao
(2018) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Bermejo Zari, Daniel Leonardo; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Brazales Quizhpe, Diana Esperanza
In this work the results of the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd (II) of synthetic waters with cocoa shell in fixed bed columns are presented. The experimental data were fitted to several models describing the breakdown curve for single component and two component systems. The removal percentages of lead and cadmium in single-component systems are 91% and 90%, respectively. In bicomponent systems Pb-Cd the percentage of lead removal 88% and cadmium 90%. The Dose-Response model in two-component and single-component systems was the one that best reproduced the experimental rupture curves throughout the measured range.
Desarrollo de materiales sorbentes para la eliminación de metales pesados de las aguas residuales mineras.
(2016) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Aloma, Inés; Vázquez, Verónica; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda
Contamination by heavy metals is surely one of the most serious environmental problems. Industries such as mining produce waste containing heavy metals and these end up being transferred to the environment due to improper handling or disposal. Biosorption is one of the most promising technologies in the removal of heavy metals, not only for its low cost, but because it is a quick process that can treat large volumes of water with low concentrations of metal effectively. To study the adsorption mechanism is necessary to have information about the physical and chemical structure of the cell wall of biomass, functional groups present, the type and size of pores, polysaccharide chains, etc. In this paper the characterization of bagazo from sugar cane, corn cob and coconut mesocarp is done, since they are residual advantage for metal biosorption. Different techniques for determining the physical and chemical properties of the biosorbents were applied .The Results gave that the point of zero charge for the bagazo was 6.11 to 3.87 and cob 4.79 coconut. It was verified by the titration method the point of zero charge. BOEHM evidenced method predominant concentration of the acid sites on the surface in all cases. Determination of functional groups in the biosorbent under study was performed by IR spectrophotometer, which was demonstrated that the predominant functional groups include cellulose and lignin
Diseño de un sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos para el centro de servicios en el área de minerales metálicos y no metálicos Cesemin
(2009) Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Domínguez Izquierdo, Pablo
Dosificación del coagulante policloruro de aluminio (coagulante) - polímero aniónico (floculante) como sustituto del sulfato de aluminio en la planta de tratamiento de agua potable de Tixán
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-11-06) Vásquez Saavedra, David Sebastián; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
This study was conducted at the "Tixán" Drinking Water Treatment Plant in Cuenca, with the objective of substituting aluminum sulfate with poly aluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant due to its enhanced efficiency in turbidity removal, reduced residual aluminum content, and a broader pH operational range. The primary goal is to determine the optimal PAC dosage as a coagulant to meet color, pH, and turbidity parameters in accordance with established standards. Initially, a fixed dosage of an anionic polyacrylamide-based (PA) flocculant was determined through jar tests, followed by experiments involving the PAC coagulant. Water samples were collected from the plant during the months of March, April, May and June 2023. Eleven trials were conducted to evaluate various amounts of PAC (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ppm) and determine which achieved the highest turbidity removal in raw water. The results from 11 trials indicated that the optimal PAC dosages fell within the range of 15 to 25 ppm, aligning with the prescribed standards for turbidity, color, and pH as per the NTE INEN 1108:2020 Standard. These findings enabled the development of an optimal dosing curve, following a logarithmic regression model with a coefficient of determination of 65.75%. Additionally, it was determined that the most influential parameters affecting turbidity removal percentage were the initial turbidity level and the applied PAC dosage. Response surface methodology confirmed that as raw water turbidity increases, higher removal percentages are achieved, and the PAC dosage also increases, consistently staying within the 15 to 25 ppm range.
Eliminación de metales pesados de las aguas residuales mineras utilizando el bagazo de caña como biosorbente
(2016) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Vázquez Freire, Verónica Eulalia
The search for new treatments and technologies for the removal of toxic metals from wastewater have drawn attention to the biosorption. In this work the study of bagasse from sugarcane as biosorbent in removing lead and cadmium from mining wastewater sample. We studied the effect of pH, contact time, concentration of the metal species and kinetic biosorption. Best percent cadmium removal was 77.81% for a working pH equal to 6, and 99.76 to lead to a pH of 5, which is reached after 10 minutes. It is noted for both lead and cadmium to as the metal concentration increases the amount of metal increases adsorbed per gram of adsorbent. The experimental data of biosorption of lead and cadmium favorably reproduce Elovich models and pseudo second order, with correlation coefficients (R2 ) for lead 1 and cadmium from 0.9986.
Evaluación de la extracción de plomo y cadmio de vajilla cerámica vidriada
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-06) Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Idrovo Gallegos, Marcela Margarita; Flores Zamora, Damián Vicente
This article assesses if a single extraction, by applying a standardized test method, which simulates extreme conditions of use, determines the total content of lead and cadmium in ceramic ware pieces that come into contact with food, and their implication in the analytical result. The test method was applied several times on ceramic reference materials with different initial concentrations of lead and cadmium as to quantify the successive liberation of both metals. The leachate at each application was analyzed by atomic absorption. Results showed that a single application of the test method does not extract all of the lead and cadmium in glazed tableware pottery. Subsequent liberations for all tested ceramic pieces with different initial concentration were noticed. For cadmium the following variation in extractions were recorded: 40 to 95% in the first extraction, 0 to 28% in the second, 0.2 to 21% in the third, and 1 to 40% in the fourth leachate test. For lead, the subsequent values were recorded: a leachate varying between 50 and 93% in the first test, between 2 and 24% in the second, between 2 and 18% in the third and between 2 and 17% in the fourth extraction. The results reveal that the total amount of lead and cadmium released in a single standard test do not reflect the total content of lead and cadmium that ceramic pieces after long-term use liberate.
Evaluación de métodos analíticos para la determinación de metales pesados en cosméticos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-29) Vásconez Sacoto, Amira; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The present research work present the advantages of the diverse methods used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in cosmetics, principally lipstick and eyeshadow, with the application of atomic absoprtion spectrophotometry instrumental analysis technique. Presenting the principal advantage of the methods, quality of the analytic results, and others. 38 methods from different sources were recovered, between which were found SCielo, Elsevier and the repositories of different universities. The analysis were carried out by categories, these referred to the source they were recovered, the metal the method analyzed, the cosmetic kind analyzed, the pretreatment which the sample was submitted, the calibration of the equipment and the statistic parameter with which the quality of the analytic results were referenced. Within the 38 methods, it was found that 14 were validated. Some of the methods didn't had enough statistics parameters to stablish if the method is reliable, the parameters considered to give methods reliability were the limit of detection, standard deviation, relative standard deviation. The obtained results were analyzed to establish the better method taking on account various considerations, concluding that the method 25 is the best one, given to the multiple advantages over the other ones, besides, it is also validated. This method is used to determine lead, cadmium and other heavy metals from lip cosmetics and compact powder, using the acid digestion method with the addition of HNO3 y H2O2
Evaluación del proceso de recuperación de sales de plomo de copelas usadas en la industria minera
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-01-08) Solano Toledo, Selena Alexandra; Cabrera Marín, Claudia Daniela; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the process of recovery of lead salts from the coplas used in the mining industry, using a physicochemical process in such a way as to allow the recovery of lead and thereby avoid the contamination that these wastes produce. The solutions used for Pb leaching were 10% acetic acid and citric acid 1M, using as fixed parameters the granulometry of the material (mesh 200 ASTM), ambient temperature (21oC), in addition to avoiding the use of alkaline reagents was worked without making pH adjustments to the solutions, while as variable parameters we worked with the solid liquid ratio 1:4 and 1:5, reaction times of 2 and 3 hours and as a last variable the use of a reducing agent (H2O2). Obtaining 94.5% of Pb in extraction with 10% acetic acid solution with the addition of the reducing agent and in a 3 hour reaction time with a solid liquid ratio 1:5, instead when using citric acid in the same conditions only managed to recover 63.19%. It can therefore be concluded that using 10% acetic acid solutions is optimal for Pb extraction under these conditions.
Evaluación higiénica cualitativa del riesgo químico por exposición a sustancias químicas peligrosas en un laboratorio de análisis químico ambiental
(2019) Guananga Pujos, Ana Cristina; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The research was developed in a laboratory of environmental chemical analysis located in the city of Francisco de Orellana and aims to assess the potential chemical risk from exposure to hazardous chemicals associated with laboratory activities, in order to control the risk of chemical contaminants in the work environment. The qualitative and simplified hygienic evaluation methodology, COSHH Essentials model, was applied, for which information on chemical substances was collected through its safety data sheets; manipulation in each job, identifying quantities used, work environments, direct and indirect exposure, exposure time, uses, technical analysis procedures, personal protection, and other technical characteristics that allowed to identify the chemical risks present and their interrelation with working conditions. In the COSHH Essentials analysis it was identified that the greatest amount of chemical substances that are handled in the laboratory are very toxic, however the risk was slight since these substances are manipulated in small quantities and have low dustiness or low volatility to environmental conditions of the laboratory. Once the risk was assessed, control measures were determined to allow the laboratory to control the negative impact of the chemical-related risks on the worker's health at each job, described as good laboratory practices, ventilation in general, localized extraction and selection of the appropriate personal protective equipment.
Fixed bed column modeling of lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions biosorption on sugarcane bagasse
(2018) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Bermejo Campos, Daniel Francisco; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; González, Enrique
In this paper the results of the biosorption of lead(II) and cadmium(II) with sugarcane bagasse in fixed bed columns are presented. Experimental data were fitted to several models describing the rupture curve for single-component and two-component systems. The percentages of removal of lead and cadmium in single-component systems are 91% and 90%, respectively. In lead-cadmium bicomponent systems the percentage of elimination of lead was 90% and cadmium 92%. In single-component systems, Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models successfully reproduce the rupture curves. In two-component system, the Dose-Response model was the best one reproducing the experimental rupture curves in the entire measured range.
Importancia y determinación de los contaminantes metálicos del aire
(2006) Pacheco Iñiguez, Lenin Rolando; Sarmiento Roldán, Edwin Paul; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
Manejo integral de residuos sólidos de la Empresa Lactjubones
(2018) Cagua Andrade, Verónica Nataly; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The present degree work is carried out in order to determine the proper management of the solid waste generated by the company in the production area in the plant located in the Girón - Cuenca way, in order to improve its environmental performance. An initial diagnosis was made to identify the generated solid waste, its quantity and its differences using the CRETIB characteristics (corrosive reactive, explosive, toxic, flammable and infectious biological) as well as the compliance of the company in the legal aspects related to solid waste was evaluated. With the information obtained, the pertinent recommendations for the proper management of the waste were carried out following a hierarchical strategy, as well as a small manual of procedures was prepared so that the company could put them into practice. Based on the results, it can be seen that the largest amount of solid waste is not hazardous with more than 90%, so the treatment and the best option will be recycling. Another result is based on the legal compliance of the company with 25% non-compliance and 22% partial compliance, it was decided as measures that the company implements each of the rules correctly. And through this a manual for waste management is developed that will be helpful for the company's staff.
Modelado en columna de lecho fijo para la bioadsorción de Cd2+ y Pb2+ con cáscara de cacao
(2018) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Bermejo Campos, Daniel Francisco; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Brazales Quizhpe, Diana Esperanza
In this work the results of the biosorption of Pb+2 and Cd+2 with cocoa shell in fixed bed columns are presented. A hydrodynamic study was performed varying diameter and height of the column, as well as diameter and mass of biosorbent, to determine the best hydrodynamic conditions, which resulted in a flow through the column of 2.12 mL/min. Experimental data were adjusted to several models depending on the effluent volume, which describe the rupture curve for single component and two component systems. The removal percentages of Pb+2 and Cd+2 in single component systems are 91 and 90 %, respctively. In bicomponent systems (Pb+2-Cd+2) the removal percentages of lead and cadmium were 88 and 90 %, respectively. The dose-response model in bi and mono-component systems best reproduced the experimental rupture curves throughout the measured range.
Plan de gestión de residuos sólidos para el cantón El Tambo, provincia del Cañar
(2013) Ojeda Andrade, Enrique Wilfrido; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor
The present titled investigation work “Plan of Integral Administration of Solid residuals for the canton The Tambo, in the County of Cane plantation”; he/she was carried out in the aforementioned canton, the investigation was made based on the multiple problems that he/she brings I get the generation of solid residuals due to the consumption patterns that patterns of untenable production of residuals determine; the understanding lack and civic culture in the handling of the solid residuals, the loss of the potential of aprovechavilidad of the solid residuals that you/they mix in its origin; he/she has intended to outline as general objective to Design a Plan of Integral Administration of Solid Residuals for the Canton the Tambo, County of Cane plantation, and fulfilling that proposed in the general objectives of the investigation; they have intended models of campaigns of sensitization and training to the inhabitants of the canton the Tambo on the appropriate handling and disposition of, the generated solid residuals; he/she has been carried out the characterization of the solid residuals generated with securities of 0.40 kg/ha/día; a density in recipient of 187.73 kg/m3 and a standard deviation of 0.18; it was also determined that an appropriate handling of dangerous residuals generated in certain places doesn't exist; the use of a model of administration of solid residuals of the canton is also recommended with in treatments of special residuals as piles, toxic oils and biopeligrosos, then to the implementation of a plant of classification of recyclable elements as PED, glass, paper, cardboard etc. In the characterization was determined that 65.88% corresponds organic residuals that you to make 2 treatments: composteras and the lombricultura that it would generate organic payment that of it would use in the agriculture.
Recuperación secundaria de oro por tioureación
(1990-11-11) Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Domínguez Izquierdo, Pablo
Removal of Mn (II) from aqueous solution via biosorption technology for a drinking water treatment plant: From laboratory-scale tests to semi-industrial scale predictions
(2023) Juela Quintuña, Diego Marcelo; Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Cruzat Contreras, Christian Américo; Vanegas Peña, María Eulalia
Biosorbents have drawn increasing attention for removing pollutants on lab-scale systems. Although biosorbents are ecofriendly, their potential on large-scale columns has not been assessed yet. This study evaluated the potential of sugarcane bagasse (SB) for the removal of Mn (II) from aqueous media. Firstly, batch experiments were conducted to establish the equilibrium data and predominant adsorption mechanisms. Secondly, a mathematical model was proposed to predict the breakthrough curves in a fixed-bed column. Alternatively, lab- and pilot-scale removal experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Once the model was validated on both scales, it was employed to predict breakthrough curves for a semi-industrial column under actual conditions of a drinking water treatment plant. Langmuir isotherm (qmax: 2.82 mg/g) and Langmuir kinetic model (R2>0.98 and x2<0.01) reproduced the experimental equilibrium and kinetic behavior. The mathematical model successfully replicated the lab- and pilot-scale breakthrough data (R2>0.95 and x2[removed]
Tecnologías de biosorción y membranas en la eliminación de metales pesados
(2018) Vera Cabezas, Luisa Mayra; García Alvear, Nancy Beatriz; Flores Zamora, Marittza Eleanor; Uguña Rosas, María Fernanda; González, Enrique; Brazales Quizhpe, Diana Esperanza
In this paper a comparison between biosorption membrane technology and the elimination of Pb +2 and Cd +2 wastewater from the mining industry is performed. SEPA cell membranes CF II laboratory scale operations that allows cross-flow filtration with reverse ósmosis membranes (SE, GE Osmonics) and nanofiltration (DK, GE Osmonics), yielding a ratio of ósmosis rejection of 98,77 for Pb +2 is used and 98.30 for Cd + 2 and nanofiltration 98,67 for Pb + 2 and 98.05 for Cd +2 . Powered by biosorption using sugar cane bagasse removal percentages for 97.76 and 81.35 Pb +2 for Cd +2 are obtained. From the environmental point of view the two technologies are compatible with the environment and from the economic point of view, the membranes have a higher initial cost than biosorption process but life is about 10 years, Biosorption you can take advantage of agricultural waste with low acquisition cost. © 2018 Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua. All rights reserved.