Browsing by Author "Echeverría Paredes, Paulina Alejandra"

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Estudio del reemplazo del lúpulo (Humulus Lupulus) mediante hierbas aromáticas en la elaboración de cerveza artesanal tipo Pale Ale
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-24) Rojas Abad, Sandra Elizabeth; Echeverría Paredes, Paulina Alejandra
The objective of the present investigation was to study the replacement of hop (Humulus Lupulus) by aromatic herbs in the production of Pale Ale-type craft beer. A mixture of aromatic herbs that generate the properties of hops in a craft beer and relieve its use was evaluated. The aromatic herbs selected were: “Cedrón”, “Hierba luisa” and “Manzanilla” based on a bibliographic review where the parameters to be were considered: chemical composition, properties and antimicrobial activity. For the elaboration, three levels of concentration of aromatic herbs were proposed, with high, medium and low values in amounts of 6g, 4g and 2g, to replace the hops. A standard hoppy beer was brewed, for contrast. The evaluation of the beers was carried out through sensory evaluation, in parameters of: appearance, aroma, flavor and bitterness; habitual consumers of craft beer. The data obtained were studied in ANOVA, in the result it was obtained that they do not influence the organoleptic characteristics. The most widely accepted craft beer was the one made with 4g of each aromatic herb. The physicochemical properties obtained from each treatment are within the parameters of the NTE INEN 2262:2013 regulation. The density, alcoholic content and carbonation were not altered with the use of aromatic herbs. Unlike the properties of pH, acidity, color and turbidity, they did have variations. Finally, a microbiological analysis was carried out according to NTE INEN 2262:2013, with results within the regulations. It was possible to replace the hops entirely, with a mixture of aromatic herbs.
Evaluación del uso de bioindicadores, Daphnia magna, en la determinación de la toxicidad de efluentes provenientes de una industria serigráfica textil, ubicada en la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-25) Ortiz Galarza, Pablo Mateo; Saavedra Bernal, Erick Mateo; Echeverría Paredes, Paulina Alejandra
During the last decades, the textile industry is growing and represents an important economic sector worldwide, this is due to the high demand for its products. In it, a large number and variety of dyes and supplies are used that are severely harmful to humans and the environment. With this background, this study is important because the effluents of the production processes of the screen printing industry have not been analyzed in depth. In this investigation, the effluent from the textile painting and dyeing process of a company in the city of Cuenca was characterized, it was selected as the process of greatest environmental relevance, according to the volume of effluent discharge and the nature of the materials. premiums used, through the qualitative and quantitative assessment of each unit operation. The dyeing threads, according to the printing surface, are classified into synthetic leather, synthetic fibers and textiles, and were evaluated in the Environmental Impact Matrix. The synthetic leather dyeing subject of study was selected, as it was considered most relevant; This effluent was analyzed for its physicochemical properties such as pH, Temperature, Total Nitrogen, Sulfates, Total Phosphorus, Hexavalent Chromium, Copper, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fats and oils, in triplicate, the results were compared with the regulations established in Annex I of the TULSMA, where it was determined that they comply with permissible limits. Finally, the ecotoxicity produced by these discharges was evaluated by means of a test with the bioindicator Daphnia magna through chronic and acute tests lasting 21 days and 48 hours, respectively; For this, sample solutions were used, a negative control with distilled water and a positive control with the toxic reference potassium dichromate. After the counts, it was observed that, at higher concentrations of the effluent, there were alterations in the survival and reproduction of the species. Through statistical analysis in the IBM - SPSS STATISTICS 25 program, a mean lethal concentration CL50 of 68.12 % v/v was obtained; and the lowest concentration at which effects are observed was established at the value of 12.5 % v/v; and 6.25 % v/v as the concentration at which no observable effects are present
Modelo de predicción para las variables físico químicas que generan devolución del producto leche semidescremada UHT polietileno 1L, a partir del uso de técnicas de regresión logística para el área de calidad en el sector lácteo
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-17) Lanchimba Parra, Paula Karina; Echeverría Paredes, Paulina Alejandra
The rejection of a product by consumers generates financial consequences and an increase of nonconforming products within a company dedicated to the production of dairy products; that is why, in order to comply with the food safety conditions of the product, adequate quality controls must be established. This research was based on identifying the product with the highest number of returns made by consumers to the Quality Management Area of the company Lácteos San Antonio, being the Semi-skimmed Milk UHT polyethylene 1L. The physicochemical variables were studied in order to propose a prediction model that would allow reducing the amount of nonconforming product. To this end, a deductive and correlational research methodology was applied, starting from the analysis of the returned products with the most representative conditions for rejection, being the polyethylene sleeves cut, swollen and dented, with 43%, 20% and 14%, respectively. An ANOVA analysis was performed for the pH, acidity and cryoscopy variables, which determined that cryoscopy had no influence on the development of the prediction model. In addition, logistic regression analysis led to the determination that pH alone is the predictor variable. Finally, from the prediction model, the lower pH range was adjusted from 6.55 to 6.60 and a decrease in the percentage probability of product rejection from 0.5% to 0.25% was obtained.