Browsing by Author "Duchimaza Borja, David Eduardo"

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Caracterización de los sistemas de explotación equina en la provincia del Azuay
(2018) Duchimaza Borja, David Eduardo; Morocho Fárez, Ximena Susana; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio
The objective of this research was to characterize the equine exploitation systems in the province of Azuay, where 45 systems were studied, which were chosen based on the latest 2016 equine cadastre carried out by Agrocalidad, developing on-site surveys of the owners and caretakers of the animals, where issues of management, food, reproduction, facilities, health, marketing and economy were highlighted. A database was established in the SPSS program, where the following studies were used: Frequencies, Chí-Cuadrado Estimator, Pearson and Spearman Correlations, Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis (Cluster). The studies revealed that 71% of equine farms are in the city of Cuenca, of which 53% are small (<5ha), 84% are dedicated to the process of complete exploitation of horses, the 80% are intended for recreation-walks and in the race area, the mestizo horse is the predominant one in Azuay. Within the herds, only the mares form 50% of the same, in the reproduction the natural mountaineering is used, age at weaning between 5 and 6 months of abrupt type; Age at castration ranges between 2 and 4 years. Grazing time of 5 to 10 hours daily with electric fence; chip is the material used in the stables and their waste goes directly to the paddocks; the activity with the most records is sanitary and the problems that stand out the most on the farms are deficient facilities and food. Regarding the reproductive field, the following parameters were presented; the age at the first service is 3.6 years with 2 services per female and an interpartum interval of 2 years, with 6 pregnant mares per farm and 5 completed births. Equine reproduction is carried out at the owner's discretion. The deworming protocols are performed before 6 months with ivermectin + praziquantel and febendazole, about 50% of farms do not vaccinate their animals, respiratory diseases are highlighted in the systems. The daily equine diet is 16.37 kg, of which 60% is grass, 16.5% balanced, 7% hay and 16% other fodder in the economy and marketing less than 50% sell their animals and 70% of them sell them personally in their farms. The minimum value of an equine is $ 1,593 and the maximum is $ 15,426; the owners decide to invest more in genetics. More than 60% of the economic resources for maintenance of the farms comes from external income. The association between the variables revealed a direct relationship between the presence of colics and the time of grazing, likewise, the presence of a specific breed is given by the purpose of the exploitation, being the case of Arabian horses and PSI destined to sports of chair. The grouping of systems classified the study into two groups, 93% formed by small farms and 7% by large farms, both in number of animals and in surface areas.
Recursos, comportamiento reproductivo y cuidado animal de unidades de crianza equina en el Azuay
(2019) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Duchimaza Borja, David Eduardo; Morocho Farez, Ximena Susana; Bertot Valdés, José Alberto; Vázquez Gil, Ángel; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Ochoa Méndez, Rafael Antonio
Background: Equine breeding systems are not frequently studied in their general operation. The objective of the work was to fully characterize equine farms in the province of Azuay, Ecuador. Methods: 45 equine breeding units were sampled, of more than five animals and with more than two years of establishment, of a total of 63 that are registered by the authorized state agency of the province of Azuay. The information considered area, pasture, animal, zootechnical, reproductive, health and expense variables. The analyzes provided the basic statisticians, the main components with Varimax rotation and the analysis of k-means type conglomerates and the statisticians of each conglomerate. Results: The first component explained more than a third of the total variation and related the determinant variables in infrastructure, total area, pasture and the area of facilities. The second component is correlated with the number of births and the repetition of jealousy. The third component is correlated with care and greater welfare for the animals. Two conglomerates were found, differentiated essentially by their areas, number of animals, availability of resources and reproductive behavior. Conclusions: Nowadays, the equine systems of the province of Azuay have in the improvement of the grasslands, the care of the animals and the reproductive behavior the main factors to attend to improve their functioning.