Browsing by Author "Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto"

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Análisis crítico de la planificación urbana de la Ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-06) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto
Cities all over the world must maintain a livable urban environment. New York and Barcelona were once examples to follow, but the urban vision of expansion during the last decades has given way to a paradigm that poorly comprises the development trends of the late 20th and early 21st century. Urban planning insufficiently ponders the aspirations of the urban dwellers and the city socioeconomic functions, resulting in imbalances, characterized by increasing traffic jams, social and economic injustice, and environmental degradation. As the case in the city of Cuenca, urban development clearly illustrates a poorly controlled expansion with serious frictions in labor and housing markets, with little room for green spaces within and around the city, as was the case in the past. This study attempts to illustrate the discrepancy between the theory and practice in the field of urban planning using as case study the Andean city of Cuenca. Whereas the new urban planning doctrine speaks of an intricate balance between the socioeconomic and environmental functions in the urban space, the city looks everyday more disorganized. In addition, to explaining the current planning situation of Cuenca city, on the basis of theoretical and philosophical grounds the shortcomings in urban planning are pinpointed. Good practice of urban design and planning should be based on a sound understanding of the dynamic and complex character of cities. With the manuscript the author aims to boost the scientific discussion on sound environmental and sustainable urban planning.
Análisis de la evolución demográfica del Ecuador 1950 - 2000
(2000) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto; Borrero Vega, Ana Luz
Changing mountain farmscapes: vulnerability and migration drivers in the Paute River watershed, Southern Ecuador
(2021) Sarmiento Rodríguez, Fausto Oswaldo
Abrupt changes in land use/land cover have often characterized Andean rural landscapes. This is particularly notorious in the Paute River watershed in southern Ecuador. We seek to show how, under tenets of the global economy, rural mountain landscapes suffer constant modifications due to the agricultural practices of dwellers and migrants. Erosion of arable slopes takes center stage in analyzing vulnerability due to the high erodibility factor found in this watershed. By using remote sensing and GIS applications, we analyzed the potential erodibility with intersections of rural development constraining of ecosystem services, including the production of water, food, and cultural values in the Paute River watershed. We found six sources of migratory flows and analyzed topographic and elevation effects in potential erodibility indexes of agroecological options to ameliorate the environmental stress. We identified factors associated with migration trends observed in the area and assessed vulnerability issues of resource management that could prevent deforestation, soil erosion, and acculturation amidst the pressures of development in the region. We conclude that sustainable development options can be implemented with a watershed management approach oriented to diminish emigration. This approach shall be integrative, inclusive, and respectful of the rich biocultural diversity heritage conservation of southern Ecuador. © 2021, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Consecuencias económicas en el Producto Interno Bruto del decrecimiento poblacional en los países que atraviesan la fase final de su transición demográfica
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto; Cordero Cueva, Paula Milena; Córdova Gonzalez, Nelson Federico
Countries have been characterized by demographic growth since the end of the 18th century until the last decades of the 20th century, when some nations began to stabilize and even decrease their populations. Those countries went through the different stages of the demographic transition model, because fertility rates decreased below the replacement levels of the population, causing concern to the governments of those countries, especially in relation to the possible decline of their economies. This study shows that rather the economic consequences of a decline in population, despite being negative from the macro point of view, are positive for households, if the economies manage to remain stable. The dwindling down of the population shall cause underemployment and unemployment to decrease, generating better income and more consumption for families. The sooner governments prepare and adjust their economies, societies will be better prepared to adapt to this demographic change that will inevitably occur everywhere, as the urbanization process advances during this century and the next one.
La cuenca del río Paute: diagnóstico y propuesta de manejo integral. Políticas de desarrollo agropecuario
(2002) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto; Borrero Vega, Ana Luz
Diagnóstico socio-económico, geográfico y cartografía digital de la parroquia Indanza
(1998) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto; Alvarez Patiño, José Diego; Cordero Farfán, María Fernanda
Multi agentes y autómatas celulares como base para el análisis eficaz y realista de la macroeconomía
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-12) Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto; Donoso Correa, Jorge Santiago
Throughout history many economic theories saw daylight that tried to solve problems related with production, unemployment, poverty and social injustice. Some of these doctrines have been supported using different mathematics, computer and even psychological techniques. This article presents an unorthodox proposal of macroeconomic development, with the government as backbone for productive public investment, and the objective to enhance productivity and business competition; which in turn leads to an increase in purchasing power of the people, more jobs and wealth distribution. For the explanation of the operation of the proposal’s economic cycle and the economic behavior of the multi agents the manuscript used respectively the diagramming and cellular automaton techniques.
Onomastic misnomers in the construction of faulty andeanity and weak andeaness: biocultural microrefugia in the Andes
(2019) Ibarra, José Tomas; Sarmiento Rodríguez, Fausto O; González, Juan Antonio; Lavilla, Esteban Orlando; Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto
We seek to (re)construct a geocritical narrative for the essence of place, by (re)writing mountain specificities that imprint cultural traits on tropical and temperate Andean landscapes, creating a unique identity trilemma for the people of highland South America. We use onomastics as a study of mistaken individuality, with a poststructuralism approach to define ‘the Andean’ within humanistic geoecology; thus, we incorporate notions related to common phenotypic traits of ‘Andeanity’, together with cryptic, emergent properties of ‘Andeaness’ and mystic conditions of spirituality of ‘Andeanitude’, to produce a new trifecta of ecoregional building, with a challenging epistemology for ‘Andean’ as a biocultural heritage landscape informed from traditional knowledge, dialectically appropriated from the old and the young, the foreign and the native, and the original and the composed. Hence, the imagined, heterogeneous, and dynamic identity of Andean people is characterized as dynamic and evolving flow of the mountainscape. We argue that it is still adapting to frameworks of global environment change; hence, it is subjected to withering if not for certain biocultural microrefugia that keep Andean landscape memory alive. With a review of the hermeneutics of Andes, because of orthographic variants (c.f.: graphiosis) that incorporated Kichwa-based, Kañary-based or Mapudungun-based words in the hegemonic lexicon of colonial expansionism of Castilian terms, we argue for the inclusion of vernacular descriptors instead of Roman Sanctorum or Patriotic ephemerides utilized to name geographical features in Andean South America. A plea to restore vernacular descriptors with the original peoples’ language uses, toponymy and onomatopoeia, brings political recognition and invigorates original communities’ pride of their ancestral heritage to reinforce their wellbeing in biodiversity microrefugia. Switching from imperial, imposed names of colonialist geographies to vernacular words or other non-hegemonic locatives of (de) colonial scholarship will help find a better “sense of place” in the Andes and will increase the likelihood of survival and (re)generation of ancestral socio-ecological production Andean mountainscapes.
Tree microrefugia and community-based conservation in Tropandean mountainscapes: A bio-cultural approach for heritage management of ”El Collay” protected forest in Southeastern Ecuador
(United Nations University, Instituto de Tecnología de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas (UNU-IAS), 2018) Palacios Tamayo, Estefanía Priscila; Donoso Correa, Mario Ernesto
Geoecological researchers have viewed mountain biodiversity as a response to interactive climate variables (i.e., elevation, temperature, precipitation), while conservation planners have built on this view to develop schemes to satisfy positivist, reductionist frameworks based on indicator species. More recently, montological researchers have incorporated the human dimension to understand how mountain biotas are also determined by ancestral practices of land stewardship. The resulting manufactured landscapes emphasize utility, sacred values, and productivity and are more holistically viewed as socioecological systems (SES). We provide examples of this synergy of nature-culture hybridity in the highlands of southeastern Ecuador, in a local assembly of autonomous, decentralized municipalities, comprising the ’El Collay’ Commonwealth and its protected forest. The political process of empowerment mimicking traditional reciprocal work (ayni), has operated to benefit commonwealth members who joined for the common purpose (minga) of protecting the ’páramo’ vegetation and mountain forests in the head waters of the eastern Andean flank. This area has long been seen as the Amazon gateway, ever since the first Europeans explored the Marañón (sea-river) of the South American lowlands. The area, flanked by the Sangay National Park, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, the ’Rio Negro-Sopladora’ National Park and the Podocarpus National Park, in southeastern Ecuador, is a ripe exemplar of community-based conservation oriented to a sustainable future through respect for agrobiodiversity traditions. An interdisciplinary group of scientists and conservation practitioners are experimenting with new approaches of political ecology and critical biogeography, to add the SES component to the development of management strategies for ’El Collay’. Key strategies include using Payment for Environmental Services and Complex Adaptive Systems methodologies to ensure protection of the existing reserve. Part of the long-term strategy is to extend protection to an adjacent area, thereby creating an ecological corridor for regional conservation of charismatic species, including the Andean bear (Tremarctus ornatus), the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), the sparkling violetear (Colibri coruscans) and many other bird species unique to the montane cloud forest ecosystem. By looking at paleoecological data on ”romerillos” (Podocarpus oleifolius) and its correlation with the present distribution of ”guabisay” (Podocarpus sprucei), we are seeking to synergize understandings of community perceptions and valuations of these species with their capacity to withstand climate change. Areas where both traditional ecological modeling and assessments of future human land-use indicate long-term survival of these flagship species are identified as potential microrefugia in extreme scenarios. The ’El Collay’ biocultural territorial planning initiative aims to provide a secure cultural and financial basis for future biodiversity conservation. Ensuring the cultural revival of indigenous practices and a comprehensive modeling scenario whereby ethnotourism, ecotourism and agrotourism could secure consistent, communitarian revenue flow to help maintain the larger ’El Collay’ Protected Forest’s long-term refuge condition in an exemplary Socio-Ecological System of the production mountainscape.