Browsing by Author "Craps, Marc"

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Constructing common ground and re-creating differences between professional and indigenous communities in the Andes
(2004-09) Craps, Marc; Dewulf, A.; Mancero, Mónica; Santos Jara, Enrique Antonio; Bouwen, René
Multi-actor initiatives aiming at environmental sustainability and social equity, face complex tensions between institutionalized decision-makers, backed up by expert knowledge, and communities with locally embedded knowledge and interests. Despite the importance given to community participation, successful experiences are limited in number, scope and duration. Experts are confronted with the paradox that they exclude local communities with the strategies and languages they use to include them. This study is based on the long-term experiences of the authors with a multi-actor initiative in Southern Ecuador on sustainable rural drinking water management. They were involved as actionresearchers, facilitating multiparty interactions and supporting reflective practice among the participants. The article shows how multiparty processes construct identities, workforms, structures and activities that cross the boundaries between communities of expert and indigenous practice, even in the exceptionally unequal conditions of the Andes, where inequalities between these communities are deeply rooted in history. Such transitions were taken as opportunities to look for common ground between different communities-of-practice whilst, at the same time, contradictions could come to the fore. As inequalities tend to be confirmed through interactions, not only inside but also outside the multi-actor initiative, they cannot be resolved definitively by a multiparty project. Under those circumstances a social constructionist approach, calling the attention to the constructed nature of mutual perceptions and relationships, was highly inspiring for the authors-facilitators to keep the reflection and dialogue among the participants in the process going-on.
E-waste management in Ecuador, current situation and perspectives
(Elsevier, 2020) Izquierdo Torres, Ismael Fernando; Vanegas Peña, Paúl Fernando; Tello Guerrero, Marco Andrés; Craps, Marc; Martínez Moscoso, Fernando Andrés; Sucozhañay Calle, Dolores Catalina; Paño Yáñez, Pablo José
E-Waste is a global concern because of its accelerated generation rate and increasing impact on the environment. Latin America generated 4.2 Mt of E-waste in 2016. In Ecuador, the amount of E-waste generated increased from 73 kt in 2014 to 90 kt in 2016. This chapter presents an overview of the current situation of E-waste management in Ecuador. The study starts by exploring common issues in Latin America. Then, the country’s situation is analyzed under the lens of the integrated and sustainable waste management framework. This analysis reveals that although the country faces several challenges, such as inefficient collection, improper disposal, limited financial resources, lack of a legal framework, and insufficient data on generation and composition, there are also opportunities for improvement. The Constitution of Ecuador considers nature as a subject of rights, which supports the development of environmental policies and legislation. This work presents a diagnostic for decision making performed in a National Workshop on E-waste management using the Systemic Design of Solutions, and sets a baseline for further research. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
La participación comunitaria en las acciones de salud, estudio de caso del proyecto atención primaria de la salud, Area No. 1 de Salud de Azogues
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 1999) Benavides Ortiz, Miriam; Sinchi Pabaña, Paulina; Craps, Marc