Browsing by Author "Chilet Rosell, Elisa"

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Análisis hermenéutico de los saberes andinos y salud en el Tambo provincia del Cañar, 2016
(2017) Achig Balarezo, David Ricardo; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes; Chilet Rosell, Elisa
ABSTRACT Background. Ancestral wisdom in health are not accept by the science, so run the risk of disappearing. Scientific Medicine coexists with Andean Ancestral Knowledge. Ancestral wisdom have their own Cosmovision, method and experiences that explain health-disease processes. The Tambo town is a county in Cañar province were works erudite people in Andean health traditions that is possible to research. Objective. To analyze, using hermeneutics, the conceptual elements of the Andean worldview expressed in the treatment of Andean pathologies. Material and methods. Qualitative research with an interpretive and hermeneutic focus, analyze the Andean health traditions present in relate of men and women of wisdom. Works in four wise interviews, four patients, one life history and data triangulation with experts. A priori categories were classified into: principles and paradigms, eight Andean pathologies, four diagnosis, two treatment, and two emergent categories were presented: conditions of the healer and coexistence of Andean knowledge with Western medicine. The interviews were write in word text and then codified and processed in the Atlas.ti informatics software. Results. El Tambo wisdoms related to the principles and paradigms of the Andean worldview. The health-disease process is conceived from the paradigm of balance, and is manifested throughout the process: from the conception of pathologies, diagnosis, and treatment with plants and traditional cleanings; in an open system that allows coexistence with Western Medicine
Boys should have the courage to ask a girl out: gender norms in early adolescent romantic relationships
(2017) De Meyer, Sara; Kagesten, Anna; Mmari, Kristin; Mceachran, Juliet; Chilet Rosell, Elisa; Kabiru , Caroline W.; Maina, Beatrice; Jerves Hermida, Elena Monserrath; Currie, Candace; Michielsen, Kristien
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore how gender norms emerge in romantic relationships among early adolescents (EAs) living in five poor urban areas. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. The current research analyzed data from interviews with 30 EAs (aged 11e13 years) living in five poor urban sites: Baltimore, Cuenca, Edinburgh, Ghent, and Nairobi. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in English using Atlas.ti, focusing on how EAs experience and perceive gender norms in romantic relationships. Results: Across the five sites, only a few respondents described having been in love, the majority of whom were boys. Findings indicate that stereotypical gender norms about romantic relationships prevail across these cultural settings, depicting boys as romantically/sexually active and dominant, and girls as innocent with less (romantic) agency. In spite of the similarities, Nairobi was unique in that respondents referred to how sexual behavior and violence can occur within EA relationships. In all countries, heterosexuality was perceived to be the norm. Nevertheless, there were examples of EAs accepting homosexuality and expressing supportive attitudes toward equality between the sexes. Conclusions: While EAs across five different cultural settings seem to endorse stereotypical gender norms in romantic relationships, a few stories also illustrate more gender-equal attitudes. Asstereotypical gender norms have a demonstrated negative effect on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and well-being, additional research is needed to understand which factorsdat the interpersonal and structural leveldcontribute to the construction of these norms among EAs.
Does the scientific evidence support the advertising claims made for products containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis? A systematic review
(OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2016-09-01) Chilet Rosell, Elisa
Background To analyse the scientific evidence that exists for the advertising claims made for two products containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis and to conduct a comparison between the published literature and what is presented in the corporate website. Methods Systematic review, using Medline through Pubmed and Embase. We included human clinical trials that exclusively measured the effect of Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium lactis on a healthy population, and where the objective was related to the health claims made for certain products in advertising. We assessed the levels of evidence and the strength of the recommendation according to the classification criteria established by the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM). We also assessed the outcomes of the studies published on the website that did not appear in the search. Results Of the 440 articles identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Only four (25%) of these presented a level of evidence of 1b and a recommendation grade of A, all corresponding to studies on product containing Bifidobacterium lactis, and only 12 of the 16 studies were published on the corporate website (47). Conclusions There is insufficient scientific evidence to support the health claims made for these products, especially in the case of product containing Lactobacillus casei.
Gender bias in clinical research, pharmaceutical marketing, and the prescription of drugs
(CO-ACTION PUBLISHING, 2014-01-01) Chilet Rosell, Elisa
This thesis is part of the studies of gender bias in health which together with the paradigm of evidence-based medicine shares the empirical assumption that there are inaccuracies in medical practice, in addition to a lack of rigour and transparency. It worked with the distinction between the concepts of sex and gender and between the concepts of sex-related differences and gender inequalities, in terms of applying a gender perspective in the study design and the subsequent analysis. This PhD review presents the research process conducted in Spain, which can provide an example for future research. Study I described a review of 58 clinical trials (CTs) of etoricoxib to assess its compliance with the Recommendations of Evaluation of Gender Differences in the Clinical Evaluation of Drugs. In Study II, key informants from professions related to different areas in drug development and pharmacovigilance held a working meeting to reach a consensus document on recommendations for the study and evaluation of gender differences in CTs in Spain. In Study III, the websites of the eight best-selling hormone replacement therapy drugs in Spain on Google first page of results were analysed. In Study IV, a logistic regression analysis was performed to compare analgesic prescription by sex in regions with a higher or lower Gender Development Index (GDI) than the Spanish average. Gender biases identified in this thesis limited the legitimacy of medicine, which is not based on the best possible evidence. The results also demonstrate the existence of inequalities between men and women that are not due merely to biological differences, but are gender inequalities stemming from the social differences that exist between both sexes.
Las relaciones de convivencia de los niños, niñas y adolescentes sordos o hipoacústicos: estudio cualitativo exploratorio
(2015) Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes; Blume, Stuart; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath; Brito Roby, Liliana Alexandra; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Chilet Rosell, Elisa; Diaz Granda, Ruth Cumanda; Sempértegui León, Silvia Rocío; Palacios Santana, Gicela Monserrate; Monsalve Neira, Maria Daniela; Barahona Huiracocha, Jorge Alfonso; Artega H., Sebastián; Almeida Pozo, Juan Carlos; Huiracocha Tutivén, Mirian Sofía
Programas de intervención nutricional y de actividad física en preescolares en Latinoamérica: Revisión bibliográfica
(2017) Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth; Orellana Paucar, Adriana Monserrath; Yamunaque Leon, Janneth Soraya; Palacios Santana, Gicela Monserrate; Chilet Rosell, Elisa; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes; Monsalve, Daniela; Sempértegui León, Silvia Rocío
The material presented in this paper consists of a literature review about educative interventions promoting healthy habits in preschoolers in Latin-America. Due to changes in food patterns as a consequence of various factors such as migration, globalization, technology development, urbanization and socioeconomic status, underwent the traditional diets of this region drastic nutritional changes with an increased number of processed foods high in sugar and saturated fat. This transition coupled with a low prevalence of physical activity led to an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the different age groups including preschoolers. In fact, obesity has become a pandemic phenomenon not only in Latin American but worldwide. As a consequence, the increase in the prevalence of Chronic Non-C ommunicable Diseases (NCDs) is a health problem that requires special and urgent attention within the Health System. Therefore, educational interventions for healthy eating and physical activity are important and necessary for different age groups, especially for preschoolers since that knowledge and habits acquired at this age will probably remain during adulthood.
Roles y estereotipos de género en los cuidadores formales e informales en niños y niñas y adolescentes relacionados con los hábitos de salud en la ciudad de Cuenca. 2016
(2017) Borja Robalino, Brigith Vanessa; Chilet Rosell, Elisa
Background: Gender roles and stereotypes that children acquire and internalize in gender socialization influence gender inequalities in health (1). Objective: To identify roles and stereotypes in formal and informal caregivers in NNA related to health habits in the city of Cuenca. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A qualitative, phenomenological study was carried out. The population was the caregivers, professional or not, of children in the child development centers, schools, colleges and universities of the city. The sample consisted of 35 caregivers. There were 20 in-depth interviews, 2 discussion groups and 5 non-participatory observations. Using the Atlas-ti software, the information was analyzed, identifying the relevant content, according to predefined and emerging categories for the objectives of the study. Results: Caregivers relate women to caregiving roles; food is linked to the stereotype of thin-figure female beauty and less physical activity to maintain a slender body. The double standard regarding sexuality is maintained. Men engage in increased physical activity through distraction and increased food consumption to maintain a stereotype of strength. There are references from a society in transition where men and women are changing traditional roles and stereotypes. Conclusion: NNA caregivers refer to gender roles and stereotypes that can influence health habits, perpetuating gender inequalities in health.