Browsing by Author "Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto"

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Caracterización tecnológica de pequeños y medianos productores hortícolas en las parroquias San Joaquín, Baños y Sayausí del cantón Cuenca provincia del Azuay
(2020-02-17) Peralta Culcay, María Elena; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
This research characterized the use of agricultural technology in the productive, commercial and socio-economic aspects of horticulturists in the peri-urban areas of San Joaquin, Baños and Sayausí. For this purpose, a zoning of the area and an analysis of land use change between the years 2010-2017 were performed. The current situation of 198 horticulturists was identified: medium (1000-3000 m2) and small (500-1000 m2), through a survey. Finally, the technological deficiency was identified with the Venn diagram, the map of key actors and the categorization of five levels of deficiency. Statistically, the changes in land use were not significant, however, changes in the area are shown in m2, TA (+637.48 m2), ZA (4 850.74 m2) and B (-5 793.81 m2), mainly the forest category (B), a decrease in its area was observed. In the survey carried out, it was found that most of the production is marketed in local markets, horticulture in this area follows an ancestral production model, gradually involving additional technologies. According to the results obtained in a financial analysis, this production is still profitable (NPV> 1, IRR 61%). Within the analysis of the key actors and the VENN diagram, it was observed that, the parish GADs are intermediaries between actor-producer, in addition, the technological deficiency is at level 3 (medium). That is, part of the technologies applied help economic stability. Although, there are several inappropriate practices due to lack of knowledge and advice.
Comunidades forestales en bosques secundarios alto-andinos (Azuay, Ecuador)
(2017) Vaca Vaca, Carlos Miguel; Castro Quezada, Patricio Salvador; Zea Dávila, Pedro René; Peralta Cornejo, Angel Vicente; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Tepán Vizhco, Braulio Vicente; Toledo Cristian, Jhonson; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo
In the Andean mountains of southern Ecuador there are areas occupied by high Andean secondary forests as a consequence of anthropic activities. Here we identify different secondary forest communities located over 2900 m a.s.l, based on its floristic similarity. In each community, floristic composition was described by the total exclusive and shared species. Estimation curves were used to provide richness and diversity metrics. The structure was analyzed according to abundance and basal area. In addition, we evaluated the role of environmental variables in floristic conformation and structure through principal components and the redundancy analysis. Three forest communities were identified. Community, located at high altitude and low temperature, had the highest value of diversity and basal area. Variation in species composition was explained by climatic and geographic variables, density by soil and climatic variables, and basal area by topographic variables. Species richness and basal area did not present an altitudinal distribution pattern similar to those from other Andean tropical forests. Therefore, the floristic variation, species richness and basal area seem to be explained by the chronological age of secondary succession, as evidenced by the indicator species belonging to different ecological groups. We concluded that the floristic composition, richness and structure of vegetation in forest communities of high Andean secondary forests are influenced by climatic, topographic, physiographic and geographic variables related to the age of succession.
Elevation and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in andean forests: results from a large-scale plot network
(2020) Malizia, Agustina; Blundo, Cecilia; Carilla, Julieta; Cuesta, Francisco; Duque, Alvaro; Aguirre Mendoza, Nikolay Arturo; Aguirre Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto; Calderón Loor, Marco Rodrigo; Ataroff, Michele; Ceballos, Sergio Javier; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Grau, Ricardo; Osinaga Acosta, Oriana; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Baez, Selene; Cayuela, Luis; Feeley, Kenneth J.; Fernando Fuentes, Alfredo; Gámez Alvarez, Luis E.; Homeier, Juergen; Llambi, Luis Daniel; Loza Rivera, María Isabel; Young, Kenneth R.
Our knowledge about the structure and function of Andean forests at regional scales remains limited. Current initiatives to study forests over continental or global scales still have important geographical gaps, particularly in regions such as the tropical and subtropical Andes. In this study, we assessed patterns of structure and tree species diversity along ~ 4000 km of latitude and ~ 4000 m of elevation range in Andean forests. We used the Andean Forest Network (Red de Bosques Andinos, https://redbosques.condesan.org/) database which, at present, includes 491 forest plots (totaling 156.3 ha, ranging from 0.01 to 6 ha) representing a total of 86,964 identified tree stems ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height belonging to 2341 identified species, 584 genera and 133 botanical families. Tree stem density and basal area increases with elevation while species richness decreases. Stem density and species richness both decrease with latitude. Subtropical forests have distinct tree species composition compared to those in the tropical region. In addition, floristic similarity of subtropical plots is between 13 to 16% while similarity between tropical forest plots is between 3% to 9%. Overall, plots ~ 0.5-ha or larger may be preferred for describing patterns at regional scales in order to avoid plot size effects. We highlight the need to promote collaboration and capacity building among researchers in the Andean region (i.e., South-South cooperation) in order to generate and synthesize information at regional scale. © 2020 Malizia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una microempresa procesadora de abonos orgánicos en el cantón Santa Isabel
(2015) Cordero Jarro, Galo Demetrio; Robles Lazo, Rosa Alejandrina; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Organic fertilizers today have become an alternative for the development of a healthy and friendly agricultural production with the environment, however today manure that exist in the market do not meet the demand, leading farmers use chemical fertilizers to improve production. The overall objective of the research subject was: to perform a feasibility study for implementing a micro processor of organic fertilizers in the area called Santa Isabel, Azuay Province. The study was conducted in the rural place, running surveys to households engaged in agricultural production, organic fertilizer producers and traders, and institutions that support agricultural development. The analysis of supply and demand showed that on Santa Isabel there is a large unmet demand, which currently companies engaged in the production and marketing of organic fertilizers do not meet. Also in this research; the technical parameters necessary for the operation of microenterprises were determined, as the investment required for its implementation was also quantified and organizational model that will use the micro plan was made. The results showed that within the area 83% of farmers use organic fertilizer. Being the type gallinaza and manure bocashi type most used by farmers. According to these results is feasible to implement the microenterprise.
Evaluación de reguladores de crecimiento y sustratos en la propagación ex situ de duda (Aulonemia queko G.), mediante rizomas a nivel de vivero e invernadero en el cantón Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-19) Pañi Vilzhañal, Verónica Catalina; Flores Chillogalli, Fabiola Mercedes; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Aulonemia queko is a bamboo species found in some of the high Andean forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Currently this species is threatened by deforestation and unconscious destruction where it develops naturally, likewise there are no studies of any method of propagation that promote the survival of the same. In addition, A. queko is of social and economic interest because of the by-products that can be produced, such as baskets, handicrafts, etc. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of two growth regulators (Indole butyric acid (990ppm), Naphthaleneacetic acid (2204ppm)), and the use of substrates (Tn+A+Mo; Tn+Mantillo); in the ex situ propagation of A. queko at nursery and greenhouse levels at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, where rhizomes of young plants from natural regeneration in the Molleturo forests were used. A DBCA with a 3ax2bx2c factorial arrangement was established, consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications, generating a total of 480 rhizomes. The variables evaluated were: survival (%), number of shoots, height (cm), number of leaves, number of nodes, stem diameter (mm), root growth (cm³) and root biomass (g). For the analysis of the results, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test (5%) was applied for parametric data and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), with the DGC test (p<0.05) for non-parametric data. Statistical differences were observed for height at nursery level with 13.8 cm and root volume with 10.38 cm³ as well as in the plant x substrate interaction with 13.25 cm³. Finally, the variables stood out when the Control or AIB regulator was applied with the addition of mulch and in the case of the ANA regulator with black soil. This study seeks to promote the effective propagation of Aulonemia queko, to encourage reforestation in various ecosystems of the country
Evaluación preliminar de la composición ﬂorística y usos de la vegetación en bosques secu ndarios, provincia de Azua y
(2016) Zea Dávila, Pedro René; Tepán Vizhco, Braulio Vicente; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
The high Andean secondary forests have been poorly studied floristically in southern Ecuador. They have great attributes in diversity and vegetation structure. This study evaluated parameters richness, diversity and vegetation structure in two altitude belts and their relationships with uses of vegetation. Were installed 20 plots located in two altitudinal belts. The values of the parameters were analyzed through mean comparisons between the two-altitudinal belts. The variation in the floristic composition was analyzed trough species turnover and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMDS). The parameters that best explained the variation in floristic composition were selected and analyzed through ordination, correlation and association in principal components. This registered higher values in richness, structure and potential use of fustales in plots located in the second altitudinal belt. This registered a lower exchange of species, obtaining two different altitudinal belts floristically. Richness, abundance, and dominance in fustales is correlated with potential uses, and these are associated with the plots located at higher altitudes. According the dissimilarity floristic, we conclude that species composition is explicitly related with variables that co-vary with elevation, stage and management or use of vegetation.
Floristic groups, and changes in diversity and structure of trees, in tropical montane forests in the southern Andes of Ecuador
(2021) Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Bermúdez, Fernando Gerardo; Cabrera, Omar; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Donoso, David A.
Composition, diversity, and structure of trees in tropical montane forests are responsive to ecological gradients and local succession. Those parameters are a result of ecological interactions between vegetation, environment, and location. This study identified floristic groups on mainly secondary forests and evaluated how the composition, diversity, and structure of trees correlate with climate, soil, and age since abandonment. We included in our models a measurement of spatial correlation, to explore the role of dispersion. For this purpose, we measured diameter and height of all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm, in twenty-eight 500 m2 plots, in an elevation range between 2900 and 3500 m. We found 14 indicator species in three floristic groups. Group composition was explained by age since abandonment, which showed strong succession effects. Mean monthly precipitation and Manganese, but not spatial correlation, explained plant composition in these montane forests, suggesting a minor role of dispersion. Species richness and structure of the arboreal vegetation were influenced by interactions between age, precipitation, and soil nutrients concentration. We concluded that in fragmented landscapes, within the rugged region of southern Ecuador, it is possible to find different floristic groups that encompass high variation in their composition.
Germinación de semillas y propagación asexual de tres especies forestales nativas del Bosque Protector Yanuncay – Irquis, provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-12-07) Loja Fajardo, Franklin Ismael; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Saracha quitensis, Barnadesia arborea and Solanum asperolanatum are native forest species that have not been fully studied in some countries where they grow naturally. The environmental requirements, propagation and adaptation systems of these species are unknown. However, they are species with a high potential for reforestation in riparian forests as they are used for active ecological restoration practices. The conservation status of these species is compromised due to the indiscriminate felling of forests and the sequential, systematic and progressive anthropic destruction of their natural habitats, where the agricultural frontier is one of the main causes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the different methods of sexual and asexual propagation of native species. The germination of mature and semi-mature seeds obtained statistically significant results for the species factor (p = 0,0025) with a germination percentage of 52% for Solanum asperolanatum, unlike Saracha quitensis, which presented lower values of 26,5%. Considering the interaction species and physiological state, germination was higher in Solanum asperolanatum with semiripe seeds with 54%, unlike Saracha quitensis that presented 24% with semi-mature seeds. Regarding the asexual propagation of the three native species, which were subjected to three seizure treatments, survival was significantly higher in the Species factor (p < 0,0001) in Solanum asperolanatum with 26,12%, unlike Barnadesia tree that presented the lowest values with 8,89%. Regarding the interaction between the species with bioregulators, Solanum asperolanatum with AIB indobutyl acid obtained higher values with 28,35%.
Impacto generado por la protección y recuperación de la vegetación sobre la calidad de agua en fuentes de importancia hídrica de la parroquia Cumbe
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-03-25) García Guerrero, Ruth Gabriela; Merchán Tepán, Sandra Paulina; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Water sources supply water to the whole world, for this reason it is of the utmost importance to protect them, guaranteeing suitable conditions of quality and quantity. The objective of this research was to determine the impact generated by the protection and recovery of vegetation on the quality of water in sources of water importance in the Cumbe Parish. In this work, the natural regeneration of the species, the quality and the quantity of water were evaluated. Two research streams (Q1 and Q2) were taken into account. To evaluate natural regeneration, 6 years of vegetation recovery were considered after the protections had been established. The inventory of the vegetation was carried out, evaluating the diversity based on the richness, the Shannon index, Simpson and density. To determine the quality of water, samples were taken in the Q1 and Q2 streams, and for the quantity, gauging was carried out by means of the volumetric method. Species composition was statistically different between the research scenarios. The averages in richness, diversity and density were higher in Q1, which indicates a positive influence of the protections. The data obtained for amount of water did not show significant differences. The water quality parameters are within acceptable ranges. The protected stream Q1 showed similar values to the unprotected stream. It is recommended to consider or specify other evaluation spaces such as the practice of agriculture, livestock or even mining near water sources, to be certain of the results to be obtained in the future on water quality.
Implementación de una microempresa productora y procesadora de hierbas aromáticas y especias en la parroquia Amaguaña, Cantón Quito
(2008) Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Bermúdez, Fernando Gerardo
Influencia del clima sobre la composición, la diversidad, la biomasa y los rasgos funcionales de la vegetación arbórea de dos bosques tropicales montanos andinos
(2023) Mosquera Guamán, Pablo Andrés; Benalcázar Ochoa, Paola Michelle; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Toledo Fajardo, Christian Santiago; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Zea Dávila, Pedro René
Propagación asexual de la especie nativa Aulonemia queko (Duda) del bosque montano de Molleturo, Provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-05-17) Sanmartín Álvarez, Brayan Saúl; Valdez León, Freddy Gabriel; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
In tropical regions there is an abundance of species diversity and natural resources, which provide a series of environmental services; they are also affected by indiscriminate logging and the increase of urban and rural infrastructure. Among them, the species Aulonemia queko, a type of bamboo, represents an important species to study due to its socio-economic impact. The objective of this research was to identify the optimal asexual propagation method for the native species Aulonemia queko (Duda). The research was of a descriptive-inferential experimental type. Through trials, a randomized complete block design (DBCA) was used, and the treatments resulted from the combination of the 5 propagation methods, and the rooting auxins "ANA and IBA" plus the tests without treatment (control), obtaining 15 treatments to which 3 replications were made, in total 45 experimental units were counted. The variables evaluated were: height, diameter, number of leaves, percentage of survival. It was found that in the ex situ propagation methods, cuttings and culms, there was no survival and in the rhizomes 0.4% of survival was obtained. Of the in situ propagation techniques, in the aerial layering, no sprouting was obtained nor was the presence of roots observed in any of the treatments. On the other hand, with respect to propagation by terrestrial layering, the treatment applied ANA stood out with 84% survival, followed by IBA with 76% and finally the control with 62.67%. This shows the positive effect of the hormones on the development of the species.
Propagación ex situ de Aulonemia queko con diferentes concentraciones de ácido indolbutírico y tres sustratos en Cuenca – Provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-27) Cabrera Cabrera, Jessica Paola; Piña Matute, Carla Lucila; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Currently, Aulonemia queko is considered an ecological alternative. It provides an environmental service that protects water sources since worldwide deforestation and forest degradation have caused a massive loss of biodiversity and a decrease in services systemic echoes. The present study has the objective of propagating Aulonemia queko, evaluating the effect of indolebutyric acid at different concentrations (1 ppm, 3 ppm, 5 ppm), different substrates (substrate, mulch, and peat), in shoots with rhizome and without rhizome at the level of a nursery in the Cuenca canton, Azuay province, for which a DCA was used, with a factorial arrangement (2a x 3b x 4c) with 24 treatments and three repetitions made up of 6 observation subunits. The analysis of the results was carried out through the Di Rienzo, Guzman, and Casanoves (DGC) marginal hypothesis test. (P < 0.05) obtaining in the survival variable as the best substrate the mulch with a dose of AIB 1 ppm with 86.11 % survival, concerning the diameter, length, number of leaves, and number of internodes. Better results were obtained with the mulch as a substrate and 1-3 ppm as a dose of AIB. For the length and number of roots, good results were achieved with the use of mulch and a dose of 1 ppm of AIB. However, in the propagule-substrate-dose interaction, the best treatments were the propagules with rhizome-peat-1 ppm. The propagules with rhizome × mulch × 3 ppm yielded higher values in underground biomass. With this study, we contribute to establishing an efficient propagation method, to obtain quality seedlings, which allow them to be implemented in various ecosystems in the country, and thereby encourage the population to use the species to undertake reforestation processes in forests.
Propagación in situ y seguimiento al desarrollo inicial de la especie nativa Aulonemia queko (Duda) en el bosque Molleturo, provincia del Azuay
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-02-03) Gutama Gutama, Christian Adrián; Maza Huiracocha, Jonnathan Fernando; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto
Aulonemia queko is a species of bamboo that is important in the social, economic, and cultural spheres, since it´s used as raw material for basketry, making musical instruments, feeding animals, and building houses. In addition, this species can be useful as a potential substitute for plastic replacement, especially in the use of covers, which represent 13% of the world's waste. Under this background, the objective of this research proposal is to propagate in situ and follow up on the initial development of the native species "Duda" in the Molleturo forest, Azuay province. In this study, a completely randomized design (DCA) were used with a 3a x 2b factorial arrangement for rhizomes and segments of culms with branches, having six treatments and three repetitions made up of 18 experimental units. The variables evaluated were: height, diameter, number of leaves, number of internodes, percentage of survival and in the underground part was evaluated: number of roots, length and diameter of the longest root. For the analysis of the results, the normality of the data was analyzed, in addition, the Spearman correlation analysis were applied and finally the data was processed using the Kruskal Wallis test. As a result, the data in the propagation of rhizomes, normality did not appear (p>0.05) and likewise no differences in survival were found (p=0.26); in shoot length (p=0.08) in the same way in the underground part. On the other hand, for the propagation by segment of culms with branches I do not present normality in the data and no differences in survival were found (p=0.67); length (p=0.36) and finally the underground part did not present differences either. It was evidenced in general terms that the rhizome method presented a higher percentage of survival compared to the propagation method with segments of culms with branches.
Regeneración de árboles en ecosistemas naturales y plantaciones de Pinus patula (Pinaceae) dentro de un gradiente altitudinal andino (Azuay, Ecuador)
(2019) Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Zea Dávila, Pedro René; Bermúdez, Fernando Gerardo; Díaz Granda, Lourdes Elizabeth; Pillacela Chin, Jenny Priscila; Guallpa Tenemaza, Dario Javier; Gordillo Lema, Nely Alexandra; Arciniegas Fárez, Andrés Eduardo; Vaca Vaca, Carlos Miguel; Quizhpe Coronel, Wilson
Andean forests and paramo have high species richness, but constantly they are threatened by deforestation. Natural arboreal regeneration of these ecosystems will condition their structure and functionality in the future, but now it has been poorly evaluated. In the Andes of Southern Ecuador, there are also abandoned Pinus patula (pine) forest plantations, which could be scenarios to promote natural regeneration. In an Andean altitudinal gradient, we evaluated floristically parameters of tree regeneration between two study scenarios: natural ecosystems (herbaceous paramos and natural forests) and pine plantations. For this, the diversity of regeneration was described by species richness, Shannon index and floristic composi-tion. Abundance with the number of individuals; these parameters were compared between two scenarios. We determined also that environmental variables or predictors of: canopy cover, soil, tree structure, horizontal dis-tance and physiographic explained the variation in the parameters of regeneration with greater magnitude. For this, a partition analysis of the variation was carried out. Richness and diversity of species were greater in natural ecosystems, whereas floristic composition was different and its abundance was similar. In natural ecosystems, basal area and tree density explained mainly the variation in wealth, diversity and abundance. Not so in pine plantations where horizontal distance to the native forests was the predictor that mostly explained. The greatest diversity of regeneration in natural ecosystems (forests) is associated with the existence of arboreal, shrub and seed biotypes. It is adding to this, efficiency in dispersion processes at the micro-habitat level. These aspects are limiting in plantations of pine, in which the dispersion or availability of seeds depends on the proximity to natural ecosystems
Relación entre deforestación y variables topográficas en un contexto agrícola ganadero, cantón Cuenca
(2016) Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Zea Dávila, Pedro René; Quichimbo Miguitama, Pablo Geovanny; Vaca Vaca, Carlos Miguel
Deforestation has historically been an evolution linked to many factors, including topographic. However, these factors are not considered for the analysis of deforestation that allows implicitly know the geographical scenarios linked to the change of use. In the present study, deforestation in two time periods and its relationship with altitude and topography was evaluated. Forest and combination of native vegetation: Forest + native vegetation and herbaceous vegetation cover two were considered. Methods of spatial analysis was applied for construction of digital layers and digital elevation models using GIS tools. He presented forest coverage losses in surface with greater intensity in the second period of analysis. Not, all combined native vegetation that presented only lost in the second period. The biggest changes of use, both in forest and vegetation combined are directed to the conversion of agricultural land. Higher deforestation was recorded at higher altitude sites, except for the combined native, which increased in the first period of study in higher altitude sites. Finally, changes in land use were recorded at sites with low and moderate slopes, except for the combined native vegetation increased in the first period of study in areas with lower slope. Knowledge of patterns of deforestation opportunity to experience the greatest impact scenarios to implement relevant actions to avoid changing land use.
Successional forests stages influence the composition and diversity of vascular epiphytes communities from Andean Montane Forests
(2022) Pangol Sangurima, Christian Ismael; Tapay Cajamarca, Wilmer Ramiro; Cedillo Tapia, Hugo Alberto; Jadán Maza, Ángel Oswaldo; Cabrera Cisneros, Hugo Omar; Quizhpe Coronel, Wilson Rodrigo
Vascular epiphytes layer is an important component of the forests; to understand their contribution to the ecosystem, it is imperative to assess the factors which affect their distribution, composition, and diversity. We studied the ecology of vascular epiphytes in Andean Mountain Forests of different successional stages, in a scenario that allowed us to determine some relationships between the composition of the epiphyte community and the tree communities, along with environmental and historic land use gradients. The research design included the sampling of 22 plots with a total of 3248 trees, including tree ferns with DBH ≥10 cm. Each tree was measured and identified to species level and was divided into three vertical strata, recording the diversity and frequency of vascular epiphytes present in each stratum. In these forests, we evaluated the variation of the composition, richness, and density of vascular epiphytes using the ADONIS analysis, evaluating the influence of two factors: the successional stage of the forest community and the tree vertical strata. We then explored which predictor variables, such as climate, spatial correlation, and host tree characteristics, explained the variation in epiphytes, using linear and variance partitioning models. In addition, we determined the preference of epiphytes for host tree species, using indicator tree species of successional stages. For each host tree species, we identified associated vascular epiphytes and their indicator species level was analyzed to determine epiphyte-host species with traits of specialist species. We found that epiphyte species richness and density were significantly higher in older forest communities. Epiphyte density was higher in the upper canopy of the hosts. The climate affected the composition of the epiphytes, while precipitation, elevation, crown height, and basal area significantly explained epiphyte richness and density. Preferential and indifferent epiphytes on indicator host species of intermediate and late succession suggest the existence of complex associations. The age of the forest succession, climatic factors, and certain characteristics of the host species have a major impact on the ecology of vascular epiphytes.