Browsing by Author "Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia"

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A holistic decision-making process to improve the productivity of public transportation in Cuenca-Ecuador
(2021) Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia
National governments are responsible for guaranteeing the accessibility, affordability, availability, and social acceptability of public services. If urbanization grows in an unplanned way requires more investments to extend the current infrastructure or build new ones. Since, in general, cities in developing countries lack sufficient economic resources, it is necessary to maximize the productivity of the current infrastructure to satisfy additional demand. Boosting asset utilization, optimizing maintenance planning, and expanding demand management measures could take advantage of the wasted infrastructure. The local government of Cuenca-Ecuador aims to expand the public transport supply throughout the urban area (77.5% of spatial cover and 92% of population cover in the urban area), using the maximum network capacity. Thus, it requires a holistic and inclusive framework that guarantees the implementation of the project. Studies in urban planning have shown that the productivity of the public transportation network depends on the network and activity systems. The application of actor-network theory demonstrated that the proposed solution (a package of 22 measures related to the transit-oriented development and demand-management measures) is not only necessary but feasible. The analysis allowed identifying ten interested actors and one non-interested actor. Moreover, the method highlights the role of each actor to counteract potential opponents and meet the target by 2030.
A systematic review of COVID-19 transport policies and mitigation strategies around the globe
(2022) Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia; Calderón Peralvo, Francisco Fernando; Ávila Ordóñez, Elina María
This paper reports a Scopus-based systematic literature review of a wide variety of transportation policies and mitigation strategies that have been conducted around the world to minimize COVID-19 contagion risk in transportation systems. The review offers a representative coverage of countries across all continents of the planet, as well as among representative climate regions – as weather is an important factor to consider. The readership interested in policies and mitigation strategies is expected to involve a wide range of actors, each involving a particular application context; hence, the literature is also characterized by key attributes such as: transportation mode; actor (users, operators, government, industry); jurisdiction (national, provincial, city, neighborhood); and area of application (planning, regulation, operations, research, incentives). An in-depth analysis of the surveyed literature is then reported, focusing first on condensing the literature into 151 distinct policies and strategies, which are subsequently categorized into 25 broad categories that are discussed at length. The compendium and discussion of strategies and policies reported not only provide comprehensive guidelines to inform various courses of action for decision-makers, planners, and social communicators, but also emphasize on future work and the potential of some of these strategies to be the precursors of meaningful, more sustainable behavioral changes in future mobility patterns.
Análisis de patrones de movilidad del transporte turístico motorizado privado en el Centro Histórico de Cuenca -Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-11-22) Gallegos Barros, Daniela Alejandra; García Torres, Ángela Estefanía; Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia
The present work, had a longitudinal exploratory geographical approach, addresses the Mobility patterns of private motorized tourist transport in the Historic Center of Basin. Through maps and semi-structured interviews applied to the different actors, In addition, the attractors of the tourist routes in service were identified, and the incidence of tourist transport within the area. Tourist transport in taxis and minibuses is not regulated. The North and South routes are the only authorized by the Mobility Management Department to operate with panoramic buses. The companies VANSERVICE and COTRATUDOSSA operate with three and two buses, respectively, traveling at 10 km/h. The schedule starts at 9:30 a.m., ends at 7:00 p.m. and it reaches 70% occupancy during the week and 100% on weekends. Travel time it is suitable for national tourists, and can be extended for foreigners. Additionally, tourists do not perceive traffic conditions as a problem. According to the managers, drivers and tourist guides, the planning and control entities must ensure the proper development of the activity, define variants of the route before incidents during operation, avoid interaction with other modes, keep the brokers and expand the offer. Finally, tourist transport contributes to traffic congestion within the center history, affects the flow of traffic, decreases road capacity during the embarkation/disembarkation of passengers, intervenes in conflicts with other modes for the disrespect to the services assigned to the tourist buses. Keywords: Tourist Transport. Mobility Patterns. Tourism. Cuena Historical Center.
Bicicletas eléctricas como medio de transporte sostenible en la cabecera cantonal de la ciudad de Santa Isabel
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-04) Crespo Molina, Jeick Josue; Toledo Prado, Jonnathan Javier; Ávila Ordóñez, Elina María; Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia
Santa Isabel, a small city in Ecuador, faces challenges in urban mobility due to the increase in traffic and noise within the city. This is why GAD Municipal, despite its scarce resources, is willing to improve through a mobility plan that consists of several degree projects of students from the University of Cuenca where together they aim to improve traffic conditions and city mobility. Despite not being a large city, it has a tendency to use motorized vehicles. This is because new modes of sustainable transportation are not promoted within the city. This is where the use of the bicycle presents itself as an alternative, since in several cities in Ecuador, it has gained more users and recognition. In this Project, an analysis was carried out on the disposition of the population of Santa Isabel with the intention of implementing a public electric bicycle system. Through surveys to better understand the behavior of the population in order to develop the sizing of a public electric bicycle system, in addition to proposing connection routes between stations as a cycle route that connects them. The study considered that the population is receptive to a new transportation alternative, so that the public electric bicycle system would improve mobility if it has the support of the authorities to implement it.
Cycling and public transportation sharing space: an option to increase cycling ridership
(2017) Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia
Allowing cyclists in bus lanes is an alternative to encourage diversity in mobility within consolidated cities, as this allows providing an infrastructure for cycling in places where for the limited right-of-way it is not possible to provide an independent lane. Apart of efficiency and safety, combining two modes of transport in the same space generates concerns such as the bus-cyclist interaction. Therefore, the design of shared bus-bike lanes (SBBLs) should ensure efficiency and safety for buses and cyclists. The lack of a general standard for the design of SBBLs hindered their implementation in the cities of developing countries that generally lack the human, economic and technical resources to adjust via research the design to the prevailing local conditions. This paper presents an analysis of design guidelines for SBBLs applied in Europe, North America and Australia, showing that the type of cycling infrastructure, the alignment within the SBBL and the lane width, are the parameters that should be considered to ensure safety and efficiency of these two modes. Furthermore, review of the literature on bus and bicycle mobility systems in Paris, revealed that increasing the public transport and cycling ridership not only depends on the quality of the built infrastructure, but also on the coordination between the design, operation, enforcement and control of the proper use of such structures and the measures implemented to discourage the use of private vehicles.
Determinación de la matriz origen-destino para el cantón Santa Isabel dentro del Plan de Movilidad Santa Isabel 2020-2030 utilizando un modelo matemático estocástico
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-04) Luzuriaga Orellana, Juan José; Uguña Pesantez, Marco Josué; Ávila Ordóñez, Elina María; Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia
The city hall of Santa Isabel is currently developing a mobility plan to improve the quality of transportation on both economic and social fronts. A crucial aspect within this context is the construction of a matrix summarizing the generation and attraction of trips from various origin zones to destination zones. This matrix yields several advantages, including the identification of traffic volume, road classification, assessment of transport capacity, infrastructure design, and impact evaluation on mobility. The methodology employed relies on a stochastic mathematical model (MME in spanish) comprising three key components: input data (population, study area, etc.), analysis of dependent and independent variables (demand forecast and trip distribution), and information generation (OD matrices). The MME draws on the Classical Transportation Model, specifically focusing on stages 1 and 2: Trip Generation and Trip Distribution. These stages provide the number of trips made and identify their corresponding origin and destination zones. For the first stage, sociodemographic characteristics of the population in the origin zone are used, and attraction is calculated based on the travel supply in the destination zone. As for trip distribution, the gravity model is employed. The outcomes yield disaggregated OD matrices categorized by trip purpose and period, as well as an aggregated OD matrix. These matrices identify key production and attraction zones for trips and periods of high and low demand.
Ramp metering strategies: a literature review
(2022) Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia; Calderón Ledesma, Edgar Francisco; Ávila Ordóñez, Elina María
Ramp metering (RM) is a control tool that allows keeping the flow in freeways main stream stable (occupancy below critical values), in order to delay the onset of congestion. A proper application guarantees a lower Total Travel time Spent in the network (TTS) (travel time in the main stream and waiting time at on-ramps), to varying degrees depending on the application. The benefits of RM arise from preventing congestion and/or from preventing queue spillback. In this paper, the state of the art is surveyed, ultimately selecting twenty-one relevant documents reporting case studies that compare the performance of two or more RM strategies. These documents are classified by the strategy used and reported gains (reduction in TTS). Regardless of the strategy, the authors recommend applying RM to highly congested freeways with similar TTS among ramps. Bottlenecks should be clearly identified to establish the place where the control must be carried out. Control parameters should be set using historical and real-time data and updated according to a receding horizon. Detrimental factors that could exacerbate initial conditions of congestion and spillback include: incorrect input parameters, reactive instead of proactive approaches, and queue formation only on some coordinated ramps.
Transporte público en Cuenca: línea base y oportunidades de mejora
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024) Ávila Ordóñez, Elina María; Cazorla Vanegas, Nora Patricia