Browsing by Author "Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle"

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12th IFDC 2017 special issue – seasonal variations in nutrient composition of plant-based foods produced at the southern highlands of Ecuador
(2019) Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana; Astudillo Rubio, Gabriela Cristina; Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; Castro Nube, Cecilia; Astudillo Astudillo, Sonia Cecilia; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Changes in environmental conditions may influence the biosynthesis of several food nutrients. This study aimed to compare macronutrient and mineral composition over several seasons in 25 fresh plant-based foods that are highly consumed and locally produced in the southern Ecuadorian highlands. Samples were collected during the rainy season (October 2015–March 2016) and dry season (April–September 2016) from main local markets and supermarkets. Analyses of composite samples were carried out in triplicate following AOAC methods, determining moisture by desiccation, ash by calcination, total fat by Weibull, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl, total carbohydrates by difference, phosphorus by colorimetry, and minerals (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Se, Cu and Zn) by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Overall, during the rainy season, significantly higher moisture content was observed (86.7 ± 9.0% vs. 85.9 ± 8.9%, p < 0.001), whereas fat (0.21 ± 0.21% vs. 0.31 ± 0.24%, p = 0.001), Fe (0.79±1.31 vs. 0.61 ± 0.98 mg/100 g, p < 0.001), Ca (50.4±68.0 vs. 23.0 ± 37.3 mg/100 g, p < 0.001), Mg (18.0 ± 11.4 vs. 15.2 ± 10.8 mg/100 g, p < 0.001) and Zn (0.35±0.69 vs. 0.2 ± 0.16 mg/100 g, p = 0.026 were significantly lower. This study demonstrates the influence of the season in the composition of vegetables cultivated in Ecuador. This factor, along with other sources of variability, should be defined, so as to be included in the quality assessments of representative food composition data. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Evaluación de la calidad e inocuidad por contaminación con ocratoxina a de la cerveza artesanal expendida en bares de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2018-02-07) Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and the safety of crafts beers expended in Cuenca pubs by determining the physicochemical and microbiological parameters according to INEN 2262 and through the determination of ochratoxin A level contamination. The samples investigated were 42 samples previously degassed. The pH and acidity were analyzed by potentiometric methods. Counting of aerobic mesophilic bacterias, and molds and yeasts were determined by viable standard plate count. The contamination for ochratoxin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The 2.4% (n=1) and 33.3% (n=14) of crafts beers were over the established range of the applicable regulations for pH and total acidity, respectively. Respecting to microbiological parameters, 95% (n=40) achieved high counts outside of the range recommended by the regulations with an average of 9.7*106 UFC/cm3 and 7.6*106 UP/cm3 for aerobic mesophilic bacterias and for molds and yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, the 23.8% (n=10) of crafts beers were contaminated with ochratoxin A, whose found levels weren`t above the maximum limit according to JECFA. It is concluded that the microbiological quality of crafts beers is deficient and it would the result of the lack of regulations by the responsible entities that they do not have any control over production of crafts beers.
Prevalencia de vaginosis y vaginitis en mujeres de 18 a 45 años que acuden a consulta externa de la Clínica Humanitaria Fundación Pablo Jaramillo Crespo
(2013) Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; González Cabrera, Adriana Noemi; Zamora Burbano, Zulma Beatriz; Jerves Andrade, Lourdes
With the purpose of determining the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and of vaginitis caused by Candida albicans and Trichomona vaginalis in women that attend medical appointments at Clínica Humanitaria Fundación Pablo Jaramillo Crespo, and at the same time evaluate the diagnosis usefulness of Amsel and cols. criteria, vaginal secretion samples of 150 women aged 18 to 45 were taken between March and May of 2013. The women participants must fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria prior sampling. It was detected that the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis caused bacterial vaginosis was 16,7%, followed by Candida albicans caused; with a prevalence of 14% a women aged 21 to 30. Regarding Trichomona vaginalis, the identified prevalence corresponded to 2% in women between 31 to 40 years of age. The most frequently encountered clinical manifestation was leucorrhea, accompanied by leucorrhea, offensive odor, vulvar itching, burning, and pelvic pain. Amsel and cols. which includes the presence of clue cells and amines tests, constituted the best individual parameters. Conversely, leucorrhea and pH > 4.5 are not parameters which individually help to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. There are other combinations of two criteria with high diagnostic value such as: clue cells with amine test, and amine test with pH.
Revisión sistemática de estudios sobre inocuidad alimentaria en Cuenca, Ecuador, periodo 1981-2017
(2020) Ortiz Ulloa, Silvia Johana; Castro Arteaga, Evelyn Michelle; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica María; Donoso Moscoso, Silvana Patricia
Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia existente sobre inocuidad alimentaria en el cantón Cuenca, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios en inocuidad alimentaria (microorganismos, contaminantes y adulterantes) durante el período 1981-2017. Resultados: Inicialmente se identificaron 640 estudios. Luego del análisis de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se incluyeron 40 estudios relacionados a evaluaciones microbiológicas (67.5%), pesticidas, parásitos y antibióticos (7.5%), conservantes y metales (10%) y toxinas (15%). Discusión: En los estudios se recalca la necesidad de implementar medidas de higiene y monitoreo, control en la manipulación, transporte y almacenamiento, control de los alimentos frescos cuya calidad no está regida por normativas nacionales, capacitar a los manipuladores y vendedores ambulantes. Esta revisión proporciona una base racional para toma de decisiones y desarrollo de medidas preventivas y correctivas; así como también propone los criterios mínimos de muestreo y análisis para discriminar y comparar estudios en esta problemática.