Browsing by Author "Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian"

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A value-based monitoring system to support heritage conservation planning
(2013-10-28) Lusiani And Luca Zan, M; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Heras Barros, Veronica Cristina; Wijffels Anja, Louisa María
Purpose — The purpose of this paper is to presents a conceptual framework for a value-based monitoring system that serves as the core element for heritage conservation planning of World Heritage Sites. It reports on the early stage of heritage management research within the PRECOM3OS framework, in collaboration with the University of Leuven in Belgium and the Universidad de Cuenca in Ecuador. A new management concept was developed throughout a five-year interdisciplinary and multi-actor growth process within an international setting. – The application of the preventive conservation approach to world heritage management places the concepts of authenticity and integrity at the core of the heritage monitoring system. Moreover, the monitoring system is converted into a decision support tool for intervention and maintenance planning, beyond the mere purpose of inventorying or generating alerts. – The regular update of information for condition, risks and value assessment strengths and support strategic heritage planning. The conceptual information system developed is based on an inventory system and updated through monitoring. Therefore, planners are supplied with a tool for alternative scenarios, potential prioritization of intervention, options for preventive conservation and multi-criteria support for strategic planning over time. – The monitoring system is not fully implemented in the World Heritage Site of Cuenca; however, a generic model is put forward, developed to generate a planning tool that can be applied for different heritage sites. – More specific, the integration of two concepts: the value assessment and monitoring from a preventive conservation perspective is considered an innovative contribution to the development of decision-making systems in the broader urban planning context of historic cities. © 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
An experience aimed at promoting vernacular building culture in Susudel (Ecuador)
(ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2020) Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Vazquez Torres, Monica Lorena
The richness of the historical landscape environments of the popular architecture which is often built with vernacular systems whose technology and knowledge are transmitted from generation to generation through practice, suffers a series of threats caused by the irruption of new architecture models and the use of industrialized materials. Also the social factors have built stigmata and contempt or undervaluation for traditional ways of solving the habitat or architecture of community interest such as communal houses, temples, etc. This has caused a loss of quality and personality in the environments in which rural and marginal urban communities live in ecuadorian territory. One of the factors clearly identified as driving this breakdown of the natural process of loss of wisdom and knowledge, has been the distancing of new generations from what their parents do or did. Many times falsely articulated to a denial of local culture itself and ostentation on the basis of architecture unrelated to the place. With these considerations as a backdrop, a workshop for adults and children was set up. The objective was to build intergenerational bridges and to foster an appreciation of vernacular architecture, jointly discovering the benefits and the nobility of this way of doing architecture, and articulating it with the patrimonial values of the place. This article analyzes an experience applied between the years 2018 and 2019, in the community of Susudel, in Ecuador.
Analysis and Proposal to Retrofit the Traditional Construction Systems (Earth) of the Former San José School, Cuenca, Ecuador
(Springer Netherlands, 2019) Piedra Landivar, Victor Cesar; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Caldas Freire, Victor Marcelo; Salazar Silva, Indira Yajaira; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
The objective of this research is to analyze the main traditional construction systems used in the heritage buildings of the city of Cuenca, which was included in 1999 in the UNESCO World Heritage list. These construction systems are adobe, bahareque, clay brick bearing walls and wooden structures for tiled roofs, portals and floors. The techniques are applied to the former San José School, a century old heritage building located in the historical center of Cuenca. The present article will emphasize the analysis and retrofit of the adobe, bahareque and clay brick walls. The former San José School currently requires a maintenance and structural retrofitting plan due to its state of deterioration. Its exceptional architectural value dates back to its designer and builder, the German Redemptorist Brother Johannes Stiehle, who was renowned for promoting the use of mixed construction systems of fired clay bricks and raw earth. Its technological value is based on the presence of several materials that mark the different construction stages of the heritage building. The applied methodology focuses on the evaluation, through the use of assessment and diagnosis cards as well as non-destructive prospecting, of the state of conservation of the bearing walls, its structure, its plastering, culminating with a study of the floors, ceilings as well as murals and panel paintings. The research concludes with an intervention plan that proposes the structural retrofitting of this heritage building, recognizing the richness of its traditional construction systems to guarantee its conservation for future generations.
Arquitectura contemporánea en paisajes de valor. Procesos participativos en diseño y construcción en la comunidad de Susudel-Ecuador
(PROTERRA, 2019) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
Vernacular architecture in Ecuador, especially in the southern highlands, has been affected by factors such as migration, which has not left communities abandoned, but has changed architectural typologies, constructive technologies and even different ways of life. In addition, the Government has increased civil works, especially focused on areas of health, education and safety, trials projects that are not integrated into rural landscapes in those that are located. The proposal presented in this article works an architectural solution contemporary that seeks to integrate in a sensitive way to the human environment, landscape and Susudel's assets; highlights a participatory process that involves the community in decisions of: design, spaces and the use of land as an ancestral construction technique; and poses a methodology with minga as the basis for construction. It also involves participation activation of institutions giving way to what has been called "institutional minga". The process of Design is in stages of constant feedback; the first made an approach theoretical-conceptual to the community, its social organization system and the needs of spaces for the development of community activities; the second, he raised an architectural program, zoning and construction techniques feasible to use; in the third one he shared with the community The results in a participatory workshop, receiving contributions that strengthen the proposal and evidenced important actors for the construction process. Design uses knowledge ancestral about materials and technologies, combined with contemporary contributions and a spatiality based on preexisting patterns and working with the Community. The balance sought is motivated by a sensitivity for the existing, as a source of inspiration for performances contemporaries that link the past and local culture. As in the project, in the construction proposes a participatory work executed in stages, involving institutions and Community
Criterios para intervenir en las edificaciones de tierra en la Calle Las Herrerías, Cuenca, Ecuador
(Editado por Comite SIACOT 2018, 2018) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
This research aims to contribute to the conservation of heritage buildings Las Herrerías street, located in the traditional neighborhood of El Vergel, characterized by the presence of tangible and intangible values. The main problem is the lack of maintenance of the land vernacular architecture, which is causing its accelerated deterioration. Therefore, the University of Cuenca, has implemented (May-July 2018) a Campaign for the maintenance of its heritage. Within the Maintenance Campaign it has been necessary to develop tools for the selection of buildings to be intervened. The methodology is based on the theoretical definition of preventive conservation and offers a description of similar maintenance campaigns carried out in other areas of study. For the selection of the buildings, four aspects were considered, two of which are analyzed in the present research: the valorization of land buildings and their conservation status. Within the heritage valorization, traditional building materials and techniques are analysed, as well as the typologies of the buildings. The selection is based on the study of traditional building materials and techniques, especially earthen architecture, and also considers the state of conservation of heritage buildings. The inventory tools that serve as support to determine the selection criteria are: registry and catalogue that were applied to 77 buildings in the neighborhood. The process determined the selection of 23 heritage houses and workshops, of which 22 are of earthen architecture. One of them does not have land as its predominant material, however it was also included in the campaign due to its high level of deterioration and the weight of the social condition of its inhabitants. During the execution of the campaign, it was observed that the number of buildings to be intervened varied, since the final indicator was the level and willingness of the owners to participate.
De la teoría a la acción: el plan piloto de conservación preventiva aplicado a las viviendas de Susudel
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2012) Moscoso Cordero, Maria Soledad
Don victor and the maintenance booklets: a strategy to stimulate the resilience of the vernacular heritage of southern Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián
Among the most powerful reasons for the loss of heritage buildings in Ecuadorian Andean cities, the lack of valuation of these buildings by their owners has been persistently noted. Faced with this weakness, the value of the property is considered only for its exclusive real estate value which exposes the demolition to old buildings for speculative purposes.The gap established between the technical valuation of buildings by “experts” and the valuation of these by their owners or inhabitants, has not been possible to overcome for many reasons: The diverse interests, the economic needs of the owners, the difficulties to activate maintenance actions in a more spontaneous and simple way, and the progressive disappearance of people who know how to do it.Understanding the communication of ideas, values and procedures as a powerful tool to mitigate the distances between diverse actors, the CPM project of the University of Cuenca, has developed a series of tools aimed at maintaining the heritage buildings of Cuenca and its region. For this, the characteristics of local architecture, the colloquial language, the tradition of local graphic expressions and other forms of popular dissemination have been considered, resulting in a compendium of 11 documents that includes a cartoon with the name "The Adventures of Don Victor" and 10 thematic booklets in which problems are identified and basic solutions for heritage preservation are offered.
El monitoreo patrimonial a través de la fotografía aérea
(Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio, 2012) Zhindon Andrade, Pamela Nataly
The techniques of measures, diverse origins that are confused with those of civilization Human Emerged to facilitate trade and various human activities, they were also a stimulus for the progress of science and scientific knowledge, as well as cultural and social evolution ”37.
El paisaje ecuatoriano. La legislación nacional en contraste con las políticas nacionales e internacionales de paisaje
(2015) Wijffels Anja, Louisa Maria; Moscoso Cordero, Maria Soledad; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián
The geographic location of Ecuador together with its wide altitude range as well as volcanic activity related to the Andean uplift, has granted it a privileged natural landscape characterized by its high biodiversity and exceptional view-sheds. Ecuador has three World Heritage Sites that are located along the glacial valleys and mountain chains of the Andean Mountain Range, where pronounced slopes and constantly changing land use makes them especially vulnerable to landscape alterations. Ecuadorian landscapes are exclusive testimonies of human interaction with the natural environment, giving way to cultural landscapes with prominent historic value. This paper pretends to make some recommendations to develop policies regarding the protection of Ecuadorian landscapes. The aim is to contribute to the debate by reflecting on the current national policies and regulations regarding Landscape and comparing them with the state of art in the region and the rest of the world.
Experiences of social participation in the recovery of vernacular heritage in southern Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
Since 2011, within the framework of a research project shared between the University of Cuenca (UC) and the Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), several practical experiences were proposed and carried out in order to identify paths and actions that allow reversing a marked trend to the loss of built cultural assets, both in the rural and urban context. Most of these assets are made up of vernacular architecture built with technologies such as adobe or bahareque, which use the earth as an essential building material. From the beginning of the first intervention in Susudel (2011), it was important to carry out constant and sustained work with the respective communities and actors involved. It was necessary to inform them about the initiative, but, above all, to involve them consistently, completely and directly, throughout the process, in decision-making and in the search for solutions that were finally applied in the interventions. A comparison between all the interventions carried out from the year 2011 until 2018 show a very significant change of social involvement, both in quantity as well as in quality, with each new intervention. From an empirical and intuitive process, we have moved to a more technical, planned and structured one, based on participatory methodologies that allow a more intense and proactive involvement of communities in the search for solutions and commitments. The article analyzes the participatory process during 4 preventive conservation experiences applied in the town of Susudel and the city of Cuenca, in southern Ecuador, over the past 7 years.
From preventive conservation of heritage to preventive conservation of society: three case studies in the south of Ecuador
(Springer, Cham, 2019) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, Maria Gabriela
The preventive conservation of heritage has developed management and behavioral strategies that, starting from common concepts, have resulted in specific and diverse actions, depending on the local characteristics of the environment in which they are applied. In Ecuador, the experiences developed in the vlir CPM (World Heritage City Preservation Management) research project of the University of Cuenca have been put to the test through methodologies and strategies applied in Cuenca, a World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO in 1999, and in the rural settlement of Susudel, which at the time of the investigation was not yet protected as a national heritage. In these sites three maintenance campaigns were carried out, two in Susudel and one in Cuenca, making it possible to perform a comparative analysis between the methodological processes applied and the results obtained, which is the main objective of this research. This proposal critically explains these methodologies, identifying the concepts applied, characterizing the specific characteristics of each reality and explaining the entrepreneurial potential inspired by these experiences. The preventive conservation of heritage, the applied actions (maintenance and reinforcement of structural elements) and their impact on the involved communities can form a powerful social stimulus that includes: the preservation of heritage, social cohesion, the empowerment of inherited assets and the strengthening of identity. The present research concludes with reflections related to the identification of the factors of the preventive conservation of heritage that have an impact on the preventive conservation of society, its memory and its values.
Hacia un plan piloto de conservación preventiva, basado en la campaña de mantenimiento de San Roque
(2014) Koenraad, Van Balen
The need to have a Plan of Preventive Conservation, it is essential with regard to the processes of conservation of the heritage. This article presents a methodology developed by the project "Ciudad Patrimonio Mundial", which contributes to the development of a pilot Plan for preventive conservation, developed bearing in mind the proposal made by the ICOMOS for study of damage and consists of the following aspects: "anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment and control". (ICOMOS: 2003). In this way were determined four-phase plan, which have been implemented according to the experiences of the campaigns of preventive conservation (maintenance, in this specific case) applied in Susudel (December - 2011 and January 2013) and from the campaign of maintenance applied to heritage buildings of San Roque. At the end they will be presented the results of the campaign, from which general strategies for the development of a pilot Plan for preventive conservation in San Roque will be developed, which is aimed at the conservation of the heritage buildings in this neighborhood of Cuenca, in order to apply this methodology in sectors strategically chosen of this World Heritage City.
Heritage building’s condition at maintenance campaign in San Roque, Cuenca - Ecuador
(CRC PRESS/BALKEMA, 2016-09-13) Achig Balarezo, María Cecilia; Barsallo Chavez, María Gabriela; Briones Orellana, Juan Carlos; Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
The condition assessment of heritage buildings in the Historic Center of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador (World Heritage City), which is an essential element within the process of conservation, has historically been done in a rather subjective manner. This research project’s objective is to present a methodology that contributes to the determination, in an objective manner, of the building’s condition through the damage register. The information and experience obtained from the maintenance campaign in a traditional neighborhood in Cuenca, San Roque, is used as input. This project was a vlir CPM (City Preservation Management) initiative. It took place in 2014 with the support of among others the University of Cuenca, the Municipality and the local state government. Currently the results of the maintenance campaign are being evaluated. With the gathered information, it is possible to generate comparative analyses and determine the building’s condition, with its conservation as its aim.
Innovation and diversification of brick, Susudel – Ecuador
(CRC Press y Taylor & Francis Group, 2020) Rodas Aviles, Tatiana Elizabeth
The Later-Eris project, is developed within the framework of the World Heritage City Project of the University of Cuenca. This research focuses on the Susudel parish, located in the South of Ecuador, where it is observed that the majority of artisan producers offer them a single type of brick, known locally as a panelón (standard measurements 28x14x7 cm). This fact triggers a high competitiveness, accentuates the mono-production which affects an over-supply of an almost unique product and marketing at unsustainable prices, as this phenomenon unravels processes of unfair competition between producers. The objective of research is to innovate and diversify the production, from the floor covering brick, taking advantage of the potential and resources of the place, working alternatives with identity, based on the riches of the region. This is how, from the identification of the problem, a methodology of approach with artisans is proposed, which, more than the understanding of the productive dynamics and use of the cladding brick, promotes the conservation of the artisan production capacities, true tangible and intangible heritage in the study area. Additionally, the result is the innovation of designs and shapes, the characterization of the raw material and a joint work with artisans. Finally, a manual is generated that serves as a tool for the producers in order to be used as a reference.
La Casa de las Rocas, arquitectura de hoy con la aplicación de saberes ancestrales
(PROTERRA, 2016) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
La ciudad laboratorio: la enseñanza en la FAUC con las campañas de mantenimiento del patrimonio
(FUNDASAL, 2019) Achig Balarezo, Maria Cecilia
The Historic Center of Cuenca, declared by UNESCO as Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 1999, presents a problem of widespread deterioration of its minor or environmental architecture, mainly due to lack of maintenance, which has caused irreversible losses in its assets patrimonial In this context, the World Heritage City project with the support of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Cuenca has implemented the so-called “Campaigns for the Maintenance of the built heritage”, applied in the urban (Cuenca) and rural (Susudel) context since 2011. The objective of this research is focused on evaluating the academic results, knowing the perceptions of various actors and the impacts that the five maintenance campaigns developed so far have had. For this, a survey was designed that was applied to a sample of students, teachers, researchers and neighborhood residents, whose results showed the knowledge and motivation obtained by the students, which has been a decisive factor for these experiences to continue as part of training in heritage matters. It was observed how students and teachers learned more about traditional construction materials and techniques, in processes in which the conceptual-theoretical support that supports the interventions carried out was fundamental. The community learned to know and value their heritage land buildings from an innovative perspective while improving their quality of life. Mostly the actors agreed that they would participate again in a Maintenance Campaign, which represents a commitment to continue working - and learning - of these initiatives that could be successfully adapted in other heritage sites of similar characteristics.
La conservación preventiva de superficies: arquitectura y color
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian
La minga: como modelo de construcción ancestral en las edificaciones de tierra en Azuay - Ecuador
(PROTERRA - Rede Iberoamericana de Arquitectura y Construcción con Tierra, 2018) Tenen Quito, Tania Patricia
La participación social en el mantenimiento del patrimonio: la experiencia de Susudel
(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, ICOMOS México, 2014) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian; Koenraad, Van Balen; Garvin Perez, Anja; Astudillo Cordero, Jaime Sebastián; Moscoso Cordero, Maria Soledad
In rural areas, the conservation of the built heritage faces several difficulties that involve technological, social and economic aspects. The possibility that heritage is an agent of social cohesion and economic development, and that in turn generates local maintenance initiatives, are key issues discussed in this article. This work shares the results of a systematically planned and executed work, which took three months of preparation and five days of execution, carried out by the students and professors of the University of Cuenca, taking advantage of all available technical resources, and promoting the resurgence of an ancient practice of collective work, known as minga. Maintenance actions were carried out, in around fifty peasant buildings, work that opted for a change in the perception of the community towards heritage. Although the community has not replicated a similar experience due to the difficulty of obtaining economic resources for its organization, the experience is positive because there are small-scale actions and a shared consideration that this has been a starting point for future actions.
Las aventuras de Don Víctor: la historieta para la difusión del plan de conservación preventiva, monitoreo y mantenimiento (CPM2)
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2011) Cardoso Martinez, Fausto Adrian