Browsing by Author "Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto"

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Addition of clinoptilolite in the diet reduces uterine PMN leukocytes and open days in multiparous lactating dairy cows managed in a mountain tropical pasture‑based system
(2022) Garzón Prado, Juan Pablo; Quito Largo, Fernando Xavier; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Sinchi Merchán, Franklin Israel; Zuin Jarro, Jenny Fernanda; López Crespo, Gonzalo Estuardo; Galarza Lucero, Diego Andrés; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
This study aimed to assess the effect of adding clinoptilolite in the diet on uterine health and reproductive performance in multiparous lactating dairy cows managed in a tropical pasture -based system above 2500 m of altitude. Seventy-seven multiparous Holstein crossbred cows from two farms were allocated randomly into two groups: clinoptilolite supplemented cows (CLG, n = 42) and non-supplemented cows as control (CG, n = 35). Cows from CLG were supplemented with clinoptilolite from 30 days (50 g/cow/day) before to 60 days after calving (200 g/cow/day). In CLG cows, percentages of uterine PMN leukocytes (P < 0.0001) and proportion of subclinical endometritis (P = 0.0187) were lower than in CG. The interval calving to first corpus luteum was shorter (P = 0.0759) in CLG than CG, and calving to first service interval was similar between treatments. Cows from CLG became pregnant 35 days earlier than CG cows (P = 0.0224). On farm A, calving to conception interval was 18.1 days longer in CLG than in CG (P = 0.3750); in farm B, this interval was 86.2 days shorter in CLG than in CG (P = 0.0002). In conclusion, daily addition of clinoptilolite in the diet decreased the percentage of uterine PMN leukocytes, the proportion of cows with subclinical endometritis, and shortened the calving-conception interval in multiparous lactating dairy cows.
Capacidad de reinicio de la meiosis de ovocitos provenientes de folículos de varios tamaños obtenidos de ovarios de camal
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Palacios Cedeño, Tito Emmanuel; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dutan Sanango, Jorge Bolivar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier
The competence of oocytes according to follicle size to restart meiosis was evaluated. The follicles were measured and classified as Group 1 (G1 <4 mm), Group 2 (G2 4-8 mm) and Group 3 (G3 >8 mm). The aspiration was performed by group with a 21G needle connected to a vacuum pump, with a pressure of 65 mmHg. The complex oocyte clusters (COCs) recovered were classified as suitable and unsuitable to produce embryos in vitro, according to the characteristics of the cumulus and the cytoplasm. Eligible and unsuitable COCs were assessed with the Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) and were classified into BCB+ and BCB-. In vitro maturation (IVM) was carried out in microdroplets, incubated in a 5% CO2 chamber, 38.5 °C and 90% humidity for 24 hours. The meiotic progression was determined by extrusion of the polar corpuscle by epifluorescence under an inverted microscope. Oocyte morphometry was established using a high definition camera (Excelis AU-600-HD) and software (AmScope v.3.7). The recovery percentage of oocytes was greater than 63%. The G2 follicles provided a higher percentage of eligible COCs (65.7%), where 59% of this group was classified as BCB+. The fit oocytes of G1 and G2 resumed meiosis by 75%. In addition, it was observed that oocytes after IVM reduced their diameter. It is concluded that follicle oocytes between 4-8 mm (G2) provide a higher percentage of mature COCs; however, 50% of follicles <4 mm (G1) are a promising source of viable oocytes, so they should be used for in vitro embryo production.
Características morfométricas de las razas criollas encerado, colorado, atigrado y pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador
(ALPA, 2018) Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Dutan Sanango, Jorge Bolivar
Se caracterizó la morfometría de las razas Criollas Encerado, Colorado, Atigrado y Pintado de la región interandina del Ecuador, donde se evaluaron 106 vacas multíparas, edad promedio 5,3±0,19 años, número de partos 2,9±0,21 y condición corporal 3,1±0,11. Para establecer las características morfométricas se analizaron 21 medidas corporales, 4 caracteres de ubre, con el bastón zoométrico, cinta bovinométrica, calibrador, para determinar el peso se utilizó el método de Quetelet; además, 9 variables fanerópticas por observación directa. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través del Paquete Estadístico SPSS®, versión 22, en el cual se analizaron frecuencias, estadígrafos principales, análisis de varianza y chi cuadrado. Para la determinación de los biotipos se aplicó clúster bietápico basado en el color de capa, altura a la cruz, perímetro torácico y peso. Se estableció que el ganado criollo tiene una representatividad del 4% en la zona de estudio. Dentro de este genotipo se establecieron 4 biotipos; Encerada (28%), Colorada (14%), Atigrada (9%) y Pintada (55%), con características morfoestructurales similares entre sí (P>0,05), como altura a la cruz entre 120,9±1,11 - 121,5±0,80cm, peso 334,2±11,13 - 356,0±23,33kg; perímetro torácico 163,39±1,79 - 168,33±3,43cm y perímetro de caña 16,0 ±0,34 - 17,2 ±0,67cm. Los biotipos Encerada y Pintada presentaron tendencia lechera (96,4%) con un perfil rectilíneo de 75,0% y 88,5% respectivamente y proporciones longilíneas, superiores al 92,9%, a diferencia de la Colorada (42,9%) y Atigrada (33,3%) con un perfil convexilineo y caracteres de producción mixta de 14,3% y 33,3% para cada uno de ellos. Se concluye que los biotipos criollos tienen tendencia productiva lechera y doble propósito y la única diferencia entre ellos es el color de capa.
Centrifugación coloidal como método de selección espermática previo a la crioconservación con glicerol en caninos
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía; Carpio Alemán, Fredy; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto
Background: The ejaculate of the dog has three fractions, the first and third containing prostatic fluid that is harmful to cryopreservation, and the second rich in sperm. Obtaining only the second fraction of the ejaculate is complicated; therefore, colloidal centrifugation was evaluated as a sperm selection method, plus the addition of glycerol in three concentrations 4, 6 and 8 % as cryoprotector. Methods: The study was conducted at the University of Cuenca-Ecuador, 72 seminal samples from 6 crossbreed dogs were evaluated. Each sample was divided into 2 aliquots, the first for Group 1 (conven-tional centrifugation) and the other Group 2 (colloidal centrifugation), once centrifuged each aliquot was sub-divided into three and 4, 6 and 8 % of glycerol were added. Three spermatic evaluations were carried out (initial, pre and post thawing). Results: The sperm concentration after centrifugation was similar between the initial sample (MI) and Group 1 (P > 0.05); in Group 2 less sperm was observed (P < 0.05). When assessing the progressive indi-vidual motility (MIP) pre freezing, it was observed that the sperm of the Group 1 reduced 30 % its motili-ty in relation to the sample MI and that of Group 2. Post thawing MIP within the groups with different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6, 8 %), which previously received centrifugation with Percoll (Group 2) presented statistical difference (P < 0.05). However, the HOS test gave similar percentages. Conclusions: It is concluded that colloidal centrifugation, prior to the freezing process, is a technique that allows greater selection and sperm purification
Colloidal centrifugation for dog sperm selection prior cryopreservation with glycerol.
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Garay Peña, Gabriela Sofía; Carpio Alemán, Fredi Marco; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto
Background: Dog ejaculates are produced in three fractions: the first and third fractions contain prostatic fluid, which is harmful for cryopreservation. The second fraction is spermatozoa-rich. Collecting the second fraction of the ejaculate is complex; hence, colloidal centrifugation plus the addition of glycerol at three different concentrations (4, 6, and 8%) as cryoprotectant was evaluated as a method for sperm selection. Methods: In this study, 72 seminal samples from 6 crossbred dogs were evaluated at the University of Cuenca-Ecuador. Two aliquots were made from each sample, one for conventional centrifugation (Group 1), the other for colloidal centrifugation (Group 2). After centrifugation, each aliquot was subdivided into three parts, and 4, 6, and 8% glycerol were added, respectively. Three sperm evaluations were made (initial, pre-thawing, and post-thawing). Results: Sperm concentration was similar between the initial sample (IS) and Group 1 (P>0.05) after centrifugation, whereas fewer spermatozoa where observed in Group 2 (P <0.05). Evaluation of pre-thawing individual progressive motility (IPM) revealed that the spermatozoa in Group 1 underwent a 30% motility reduction in comparison to the IS and Group 2. Post-thawing IPM within the groups with different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6, and 8%) which underwent previous centrifugation with Percoll (Group 2), showed statistical differences (P <0.05). However, the HOS test produced similar percentages. Conclusions: Colloidal centrifugation prior freezing ensures better sperm selection and purification.
Competencia del ovocito bovino obtenido por ovum pick-up valorado mediante el azul brillante de cresilo
(2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Argudo Garzón, Daniel Ernesto; Perea Ganchou, Fernando Pedro
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the bright blue cresyl (BCB) test as an indirect method to select competent oocytes for the in vitro production of embryos (IVP). The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained from two Creole heifers subjected to two treatments: T1 = COC recovered by OPU (ovum pick-up) previous stimulation with FSH-LH; T2 = COC recovered from non-stimulated animals (control).The two heifers were alternated in the two treatments and five repetitions were done. Recovered COCs were classified into types A, B, C and D. Then the BCB test was applied to each of the COC types to determine if they were BCB+ or BCB-. T1 allowed to recover 5.2 more COC than T2 (p<0.05). When applying the BCB test, it was determined that all type A oocytes of T1 and T2 were BCB+; that is, they finished their growth and were ready to start the process of in vitro maturation; however, about 50% of the type B, C and D COCs of T1 and T2 were BCB+. It is concluded that the selection of COC based on morphological characteristics is a reliable method only for type A and has a 50% error for COC type B, C and D and, therefore, the application of the BCB test allows to improve this selection non-invasively
Competencia ovocitaria en procesos de maduración in vitro y su relación con el tamaño del folículo
(ALPA, 2018) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Estrella Bermeo, Carlos Adrián; Suconota Pizarro, Ana Gabriela; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo
El objetivo fue valorar la competencia post maduración in vitro (MIV) de ovocitos bovinos provenientes de folículos de tres tamaños diferentes. Se realizó en el laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal de la Universidad de Cuenca a 2.650msnm. Previo a la aspiración, los folículos fueron medidos y clasificados en grupo 1 (<4mm); grupo 2 (4-8mm) y grupo 3 (>8mm). La punción folicular se realizó a cada grupo por separado con una aguja 21G conectada a una bomba de vacío, a presión de 65mmHg. Los complejos cumulus ovocitos (COC´s) recuperados de cada grupo fueron clasificados en base a las características del cumulus y citoplasma en aptos y no aptos para la producción de embriones in vitro (PIV). La determinación enzimática se realizó a través de la prueba del azul brillante de Cresilo (BCB). La maduración se realizó en microgotas colocadas en una cámara de CO2 al 5%; a 38,5°C y 90% de humedad, durante 24h, usando como medio TCM 199. La valoración de la progresión meiótica a metafase II (competencia) fue determinada con la prueba de Hoesch en base a la extrusión del primer corpúsculo polar, valorados mediante epifluorescencia bajo un microscopio invertido. Los resultados fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® versión 22. Se realizaron 14 sesiones, aspirando 1.964 folículos en el grupo 1 (G1), grupo 2 (G2=1.073) y grupo 3 (G3=336). Se obtuvo un porcentaje de recuperación del 76,1% en G2, 64,7% en G1 y 63,4% en G3 con diferencia estadística (P<0,05). El grupo G2 presentó un mayor porcentaje de COC´s valorados como aptos (65,7%), seguido de G3 (54,9%) y finalmente de G1 (42,4%), con diferencia entre grupos (P<0,05). De los COC’s clasificados como aptos, en G2 el 59,0% fueron positivos al colorante (BCB+), en G1 (44.6%) y G3 (35.7%); es decir, habían terminado su crecimiento y estaban listos para continuar con el proceso de maduración (P>0,05). Sin embargo, al valorar el porcentaje de COC´s clasificados como aptos que fueron BCB+ y BCB- dentro de un mismo grupo, se estableció que G2 presentó más BCB+ que BCB- (P<0,05). Finalmente, los ovocitos clasificados como aptos de G1 y G2, reanudaron la meiosis y llegaron a metafase II en un 75% a diferencia de G3 (61%), (P<0,05). Se concluye que los COC's provenientes de folículos entre 4-8mm proporcionan mayor porcentaje de maduración; sin embargo, los folículos <4mm son una fuente interesante de ovocitos viables por lo cual deberían ser utilizados para la PIV. Palabras clave: tamaño, COC’s, aptos, meiosis
Dinámica folicular de vaquillas criollas al pastoreo en el altiplano ecuatoriano
(2019) Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Pesántez Pacheco, José Luis; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio
The aim was to characterize the behavior pattern of follicular dynamics in creoles heifer (CR) to grazing in the high mountains of Ecuador. It was carried out in the Irquis experimental farm at the University of Cuenca, in 2016. The average weight was 243.3±45.0kg. Body condition (CC) 2.5±0.4, scale 1-5 points. Age 19.9±4.8 months. Daily scans were performed during an estrous cycle. Every 48h the levels of Progesterone (P4) were determined. A pattern of two and three follicular waves was established (44.4 and 55.6% respectively). The average duration of the estrous cycle was 20.3±0.03 days (two waves) and 23.6±0.02 days (three waves). The size of the preovulatory follicle (FPO) was 15.3±0.04mm for two-wave animals and for those with three waves, 13.8±1.48mm. The subordinate follicle (FS) reached its maximum size on day 4.0±0.04, with 8.0±0.04mm (two waves) and 4.8±0.03 days with 7.4±0.03mm (three waves). The development of the corpus luteum (CL) presented three phases: growth (until day 6), static (6-18 days) and regression (>18 days). On day 12, the CL reached its largest size 21.7±1.45mm and 23.5±0.61mm for animals of two and three waves respectively. P4 reached levels above 1ng / ml from day 4 (5.8±3.35ng/ml two waves and 5.1±1.15ng / ml three waves). The levels of P4 during the estrous cycle were higher than those reported in other breed. In conclusion, Creole genotype heifers have their own characteristics, which are influenced by the pattern of follicular behavior (two or three waves)
Relación del número de partos, edad y la morfoestructura del genotipo Holstein en la Provincia del Azuay
(2017) Ortega Herrera, Vanessa Viviana; Pesántez Carmona, José Luis; Pesántez Campoverde, Manuel Teodoro; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Dután Sanango, Jorge Bolívar; Ayala Rodríguez, Lorena Estefania; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Calle Ortiz, Guido Rigoberto; Samaniego Campoverde, Jorge Xavier; Bustamante Ordóñez, Jorge Gualberto; Vanegas Cabrera, Raúl Alejandro; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Rodas Carpio, Ermes Ramiro; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Vázquez Mosquera, Juan Mesías; Andrade Guzmán, Omar Santiago