Browsing by Author "Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo"

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Análisis de la distancia entre los dientes mandibulares posteriores y el borde wala en modelos digitales 3d
(2018) Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo; González Heredia, Geovanny Patricio; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
The border index of Wala is an average measurement between the distance from the center of the clinical crown on the vestibular axis (AV point) and the Wala border, this border is a stable anatomic point of reference from the bone base of the dental arch, being the most prominent part of the jaw, immediately above of the mucogingival junction in the vestibular surface which is near of the horizontal rotation center of the dental piece, in the different dental pieces ( canines, premolars and molars) it establishes a reference point which serves to predict when an orthodontic procedure is finished and this way avoid complications such as recessions, fenestrations and dehiscence, dental extractions and recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distance between posterior mandibular teeth and the Wala border in the diagnosed patients in the 3rd Cohort of the Orthodontics specialty from the University of Cuenca. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 61 digital models of inferior dental arch were analyzed, 36 were found to be diagnosed with class I malocclusion, 19 with class II malocclusion and 6 with class II malocclusion the pieces evaluated were from the canine all the way to second molars. The horizontal distance between the centers of the clinical crown of the vestibular axis (AV point) to the WALA border was measured using the Nemocast software. The average measurements obtained from the analyzed distances was thanks to the statistics program IBM SPSS statistics 25, while the sex and age of the patients was obtained from frequency rates. RESULTS: The horizontal distance from the FA point and the WALA border is for Class I malocclusion: canine 0.59mm; first premolar 0.67mm; second premolar 1.44mm; first molar 2.23mm; second molar 2.69mm; for class II malocclusion: canine 0.52mm; first premolar 0.55mm; second premolar 1.25mm; first molar 2.09mm; second molar 2.67mm; and for canine class III malocclusion 0.78mm; first premolar 0.82mm; second premolar 1.49mm; first molar 2.01mm, second molar 2.52mm. CONCLUSIONS: There is a progressive increase in the distance from the center of the crown (FA) to the WALA edge from the canine to the second molar in the different malocclusions. The WALA edge is a good point of reference to establish the morphology of individualized arches in Ecuadorian patients.
Análisis De La Resistencia Al Cizallamiento De Tubos De Ortodoncia Adheridos Con La Técnica De Cementación Reforzada Modificada Con Resina Fluida De Alta Carga - Estudio In Vitro
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-02-06) Delgado Dávila, Andrés Mauricio; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
The present study aimed to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes bonded using three different cementation techniques. An observational, cross-sectional in-vitro laboratory test was conducted using 69 bovine teeth divided into three experimental groups. The Control Group (G0) received orthodontic tubes bonded with a conventional adhesive; Experimental Group 1 (G1) underwent a reinforced cementation technique using the same adhesive; and Experimental Group 2 (G2) received a reinforced cementation technique using a high-filler flowable resin. All specimens were tested using a universal testing machine to determine shear bond strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa). The results showed mean shear bond strength values of 21.3 MPa for G0, 22.5 MPa for G1, and 21.4 MPa for G2, with no statistically significant differences among the evaluated groups. These findings suggest that incorporating a reinforced cementation technique—either with the same adhesive or with a high-filler flowable resin—does not significantly improve the shear bond strength of orthodontic tubes compared with the conventional technique. In conclusion, the three evaluated techniques demonstrate similar mechanical behavior under in-vitro testing conditions, indicating that the reinforced technique using the same adhesive remains a valid alternative for in-vivo orthodontic tube bonding.
Prevalencia de agenesias dentales y sus factores asociados en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes de 8 a 18 años atendidos en el Centro Radiológico “Insideimagen” de Cuenca – Ecuador, en el periodo enero del 2023 a enero del 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-30) Quiñonez Vanegas, Joyce Deyanira; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition and is characterized by the congenital absence of one or more teeth. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors, as well as disturbances during dental development. This condition can affect esthetics, occlusion, and the normal development of the dental arches, making it of particular relevance in orthodontic practice. Prevalence rates vary widely among populations, and in Ecuador, there are few updated, locally based studies addressing this issue from an epidemiological perspective using radiographic evidence. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental agenesis and its associated factors in panoramic radiographs of patients aged 8 to 18 years treated at the “Insideimagen” Radiological Center in Cuenca, Ecuador, between January 2023 and January 2024. Methodology: A total of 379 panoramic radiographs were analyzed, and dental agenesis was classified as hypodontia, oligodontia, or anodontia. In addition, the association between dental agenesis and the patients’ clinical-demographic characteristics was evaluated using the chi-square test in order to identify statistically significant relationships within the study population. Results: Of the radiographs analyzed, 115 presented dental agenesis (30.3%). No significant differences were found between females (30.2%) and males (30.5%) (p > 0.05). Third molars were the most frequently missing teeth in both arches, while premolars and incisors showed minimal prevalence (≤1%), with no absences observed in other tooth groups.
Prevalencia de caninos permanentes impactados y sus factores asociados en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes atendidos en el Centro Radiológico “Insideimagen” de Cuenca - Ecuador, en el periodo enero del 2023 a enero del 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Odontología, 2026-01-30) Díaz Aguirre, Josselyn Stefanía; Bravo Vallejo, Gabriel Eduardo
Dental impaction is an alteration of the eruption process that occurs when a tooth fails to emerge properly due to a physical barrier in its path. Permanent canines were the second most frequently affected teeth, after third molars. Panoramic radiography is a fundamental diagnostic tool in these cases, as it allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the canine's position and relationship to adjacent structures. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted permanent canines and their associated factors in panoramic radiographs of patients treated at the "Insideimagen" Radiological Center in Cuenca, Ecuador, from January 2023 to January 2024. Methodology: 1110 panoramic radiographs were obtained; the sample consisted of all images resulting from the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Impacted canines were classified according to the Ericson and Kurol classifications, as well as the Ugalde classification. The association between canine impaction and the patients' clinical and demographic characteristics was evaluated using the chi-square test, considering a p-value ≤ 0.05 significant. Results: The prevalence of impacted permanent canines was 3.7%, occurring more frequently in the maxilla, unilaterally, and was associated with age recoded according to the mean. Conclusion: Canine impaction had a low prevalence in the studied population; however, its early identification was relevant due to the clinical and orthodontic implications.