Browsing by Author "Bernal Pinos, Marco Vinicio"

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    A comparison of cephalometric measurements with conventional lateral cephalic 2D and reconstructed lateral cephalic of CBCT
    (2022) Morocho Llivizaca, Karina Viviana; Bernal Pinos, Marco Vinicio; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
    Lateral cephalic radiography is mainly used to describe the morphology and growth of the craniofacial skeleton. It is considered a valuable diagnostic aid in orthodontics to plan treatment and evaluate the results. (1)(2) Cephalometric analyses requires identifying specific reference points and calculating various angular and linear dimensions. (3) Because cephalometry has been one of the most important diagnostic tools available to orthodontists for more than seven decades, different cephalometric norms have been published by leading physicians and researchers and it is used for: diagnosis, treatment progress, post-treatment evaluation, and research. (4) According to the orthodontic literature, other reconstructions such as lateral cephalic are known from more recent 3D cone beam computed tomography images. The attempt to develop 3D analysis and diagnosis is more interesting today. (4) (15) (23) Lateral cephalic radiographs are two-dimensional (2D) images that are used to represent three-dimensional (3D) structures. (5) Due to the different disadvantages of a 2D lateral cephalic X-ray: geometric distortion and the superposition of anatomical structures, 3D imaging has overcome the hurdle of 2D imaging by allowing orthodontists to visualize craniofacial structures without overlap or distortion.(6)(7)
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    Description of the WALA edge measured in STL and DICOM files
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-16) Bernal Pinos, Marco Vinicio; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
    The objective of this study was to describe the WALA edge, using STL and DICOM files, contrasting the results with the values given by the authors Will Andrews and Larry Andrews and thus which diagnostic method is the closest to reality. This descriptive observational study included 36 participants, ranging in age from 23 to 33 years, university students, who underwent CBCT computed tomography studies (DICOM files) and intraoral scans to obtain STL models. Two Meshmixer software were used for the STL and 3D Slicer for the CBCT. In both diagnostic methods, for the measurement of the WALA edge, the following was determined: the point of the facial axis (FA), located in the most prominent part of the vestibular coronal center in premolars and in the center of the mesiovestibular sulcus in first molars; the WALA point, located perpendicular to the occlusal plane at the mucogingival junction. The data of the measurements obtained were saved in the Microsoft office Excel 2019 program. The average of the measurements obtained was analyzed using SPSS software for Meshmixer values as well as in 3D Slicer. The results are presented in tables. Statistically significant discrepancies were found for the values obtained from the STL files compared to the CBCT DICOM files especially because the latter only evaluate hard tissues for WALA edge measurements. The values obtained largely resemble the values described by Will Andrews, however, these differ significantly in relation to the unit of analysis of DICOM files the same that lack scientific support to be taken into account as a diagnostic measurement of the WALA edge. Some of the differences in values obtained for WALA edge measurements between different study populations may be due to the fact that several studies use the manual or conventional method and others the digital method and even the same scanner or software used in the digital measurement of models may cause discrepancies in the measurements.
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    Description of the WALA edge measured in STL and DICOM files.
    (2022) Zhingre Suarez, Mauricio Ruben; Bernal Pinos, Marco Vinicio; Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo
    El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el borde WALA utilizando archivos STL y DICOM, contrastando los resultados con los valores dados por los autores Will Andrews y Larry Andrews y así cual método diagnóstico es el más cercano a la realidad. Este estudio observacional descriptivo incluyó 36 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre 23 y 33 años, estudiantes universitarios, a quienes se les realizaron estudios de tomografía computarizada CBCT (archivos DICOM) y escaneos intraorales para obtener modelos STL. Se utilizaron dos software Meshmixer para el STL y 3D Slicer para el CBCT. En ambos métodos de diagnóstico, para la medición del borde WALA se determinó: el punto del eje facial (FA), ubicado en la parte más prominente del el centro coronal vestibular en premolares y en el centro del surco mesiovestibular en primeros molares; el punto WALA, ubicado perpendicular al plano oclusal en la unión mucogingival. Los datos de las mediciones obtenidas fueron guardados en el programa Microsoft office Excel 2019
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    Maxil006Cary Anterior Alveolar Arch (AA) Shape Analysis: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
    (2022) Bravo Calderón, Manuel Estuardo; Bernal Pinos, Marco Vinicio
    The aim of this study is classified the shapes of the alveolar arches in the anterior aesthetic region using cone beam computed tomography images. Methods:The sample consisted of 40 young adults, the age of the subjects ranged between 23 and 33 years, with a mean of 25.90 years. All subjects performed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), evaluating the axial view. Statistical software (SPSS version 20.0; IBM Corp., Arm NY, USA) was used to analyze the data for inter-examiner calibration, an intraclass correlation coefficient test was performed with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The predominant form of the AA arch is the short medium with a percentage of 60% equivalent to 24 subjects in the sample, and with the lowest percentage the form of the AA arch is long narrow arch with a 7 .5% equivalent to 3 of the 40 total subjects of the sample. Conclusion: The shape of the anterior alveolar arch, using the formula of the fourth-degree polynomial that has been shown to be the most suitable to represent a smooth and natural curve of the arch, can be classified into long narrow, short medium, long medium and long wide arches. Further studies on this are recommended