Browsing by Author "Bernal Andrade, Janneth Guadalupe"

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    Análisis de los factores que influyen en la variabilidad de precios unitarios en un presupuesto, aplicado a la construcción de Unidades Educativas del Milenio
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-08) Bernal Andrade, Janneth Guadalupe; Silva Bernal, Marcos Alexander; Avilés Ordóñez, Juan Marcelo
    Significant differences have been detected between the budget offered and the budget executed in the construction of Millennium Educational Institutions (UEM). In this research, 24 UEM have been chosen with information of their budget offered, of which 6 report their Unit Price Analysis (APU), allowing the analysis of the factors that intervene in the variability of their Unit Price (PU). By applying Pareto's law, the items that directly influence the budget of the 6 UEM with APU are selected. With this, a standardized database is created, conformed with 132 items from the civil branch. Through confidence intervals, it is obtained that 29 items present irregularities greater than 60% in the PU offered. Also, 16 additional items are considered that directly influence the final budget of each UEM. According to the APU, the materials component causes price dispersion between UEM in 65% of the cases, and the labor component in 27% of the cases, while, compared to the Optimal Price (OP), the materials component causes a price difference in 54% of the cases, and the labor component in 46% of the cases. The reported price for inputs causes 71% of the differences within the materials component, while a misallocation of throughput to workers causes 63% of the variations in the labor component. The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that 47% of the items do not vary respect to time, so the differences in the PU offered are due to a deficient update of costs; 53% of the items show a cost relationship over time, however, the growth rates of their material, determined through Construction Price Indices, do not follow the same trend as the growth rate of the item. The one-way ANOVA method, applied to 14 items, shows that 50% of them present a cost difference graphically reflected by distributions with discrepant variances between groups and by relatively small P values. When comparing the budgets of the 6 UEM, with respect to those proposed for each one of them, a maximum value of total over-cost of 21% and a percentage of total under-cost of 18% is obtained, having a total net over-cost of up to 16%. From this, it is verified that there are differences in the cost of inputs and their quantification, as in assignments of labor and their throughputs.