Browsing by Author "Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio"

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Afecta el Síndrome de la Respiración Bucal el crecimiento general y desarrollo cognitivo de niños y adolescentes?: Revisión de la literatura
(2020) Quito Zhinin, Andrea Elizabeth; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda; Sarmiento Aguilar, Cristina Paulette; Pinos Gavilanes, Maria Paz
Abstract Mouth breathing syndrome has several health consequences, especially in children and adolescents. The objective of the present study was to carry out a literature review to identify the alterations and consequences associated with mouth breathing syndrome. The search for articles was performed in electronic databases including: PubMed, Elsevier, EBSCO, Medline, SCielo, Springer; The keywords used were: “mouth breathing”, “children”, “body growth”, “maxillary growth”, “cognitive development”; articles in English from the last 10 years were included, a total of 26 articles were included in this Review. Most of the children and adolescents with mouth breathing showed alterations in the corporal posture with hyperextension of the head acquiring kyphosis posture and therefore intervening in the development and craniofacial growth, showing a greater inclination of the jaw and greater anterior height facial, in addition to presenting some class II malocclusions, posterior crossbite and anterior open bite. In addition to physical changes, their cognitive development was also affected in patients with oral respiration, with early recognition and timely treatment are essential to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico
(2018) Suárez Bracho, Xavier Eduardo; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment in students of first-semester of the University of Cuenca in the school year 2017, by using the aesthetic component of the index “Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, IOTN". MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional communicational study was carried out using the aesthetic component of the IOTN index (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, IOTN). A sample of 362 first-semester students of the University of Cuenca was calculated in the 2017 school year. The data obtained were entered in a file prepared by the author and then entered into the SPSS system, the variables were studied through the frequencies in numbers and percentages. RESULTS: The Self-perception of Need for Orthodontic Treatment was felt by the students of the first semester of the University of Cuenca, demonstrating that the Need for Orthodontic Treatment in certain cases is quite necessary, while others consider that their aesthetics are altered, being able with orthodontics to improve it. and solve the problem. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that the self-perception of the students of the first semester of the University of Cuenca in the 2017 school period is little self-perceived to go to Orthodontic Treatments.
Cambios cráneo-cervicales en pacientes clase III esqueletal: antes y después de ser tratados con máscara facial de Petit en pacientes de 4 a 10 años de edad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-11) Vidal Dávila, Tatiana Alexandra; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
The relationship between the craniocervical position and the different malocclusions is of interest to orthodontists when establishing a diagnosis in patients. The objective of this study is to determine the craniocervical changes in skeletal Class III patients, before and after performing maxillary traction with Petit's facial mask. The research will be carried out with lateral cephalic x-rays of patients between 4 and 10 years old, using measures established by Mariano Rocabado, these x-rays will be analyzed with a digital cephalometric program before and after having used extraoral traction for the correction of this malocclusion and skeletal condition. The literature shows numerous investigations of the relationship between the posture of the skull and the spine, showing that in skeletal Class III patients there is a shortening of the suboccipital space, which can generate certain symptoms due to compression of important anatomical structures found in this space. However, no literature is found on these comparative craniocervical changes before and after patients treated with the use of Petit's facial mask. This is why this research will be carried out, waiting for comparative results, that after extraoral treatment, there is an increase in the suboccipital space, which would lead to the release of nerves, vessels and other structures present between the skull and the first cervical vertebra.
Clase esqueletal y biotipo facial en pacientes con ponticulus posticus
(2018) Montalvo Jaramillo, Erika Daniela; Toral Terreros, María Verónica; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the skeletal class and facial biotype in patients with Ponticulus Posticus, which was constituted by 277 digital lateral cephalic radiographs in jpg format, that have Ponticulus Posticus and were obtained from the database of the Thesis of Becerra and Pacheco, "Prevalence of Ponticulus Posticus according to the classification of Cedeberg and Stubbs in patients who attended a radiological center in the city of Cuenca, aged 9 to 25 years, during the years 2013 to 2015" , and that were analyzed in the NemoStudio 2017 digital program, with the porpuse of determine the facial biotype and the skeletal class. Materials and methods: In the study, it worked with a sample of 277 patients with Ponticulus Posticus, that were made lateral cephalic digital radiographs. The data obtained were analyzed in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The researchers involved in the analysis had a previous training in the observation and classification of this anatomical variant. Results and Conclusions: Concluded the study the results obteined that the sex predominates in patients with Ponticulus Posticus, are the female patients, as well as it was possible to determine that the skeletal class II is the predominant one in women, but the difference is not significant, because it presents 47%, while skeletal class I has 45%, the facial biotype that predominates is the dolicofacial biotype with 65% in patients with Ponticulus Posticus
Comparación entre el tratamiento temprano y tardío para la corrección de la maloclusión clase II: Una revisión de la literatura
(2020) Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Solis Valencia, Edison Gustavo; Solano Maldonado, Domenica Alejandra; Sempertegui Cardenas, Pamela Elizabeth; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda
Class II malocclusions may involve a dental, dentoalveolar or skeletal component, with an estimated 35% of all malocclusions, being one of the most common reasons whereby patients attend an orthodontic consultation. Treatment for class II malocclusion can be developed through two different modalities: early or two-phase treatment and late or one-phase treatment, the object of both therapies are the same, therefore the aim of this literature review was to gather the most clinically relevant findings to make a comparative evaluation between these two methods. The literature review was performed analyzing 20 articles from Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Cochrane databases. When the two treatment modalities were compared, we found some advantages of early treatment in relation to late treatment, however, the final outcome was the same, for this reason the expert will have to evaluate the individual features of each patient to make a timely treatment plan.
Diagnóstico epidemiológico y prioridades de salud en el Area N° 6 Paute
(2004) Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Guamán Roldán, Hugo Xavier; Cobos Carrera, Diego Fernando
Evaluación de la posición hioidea en radiografías de pacientes clase I, II y III esqueletales entre 9 y 18 años de edad registrados en el período 2012 y 2015, de un Centro Radiológico de la Ciudad de Cuenca
(2016) Abril Ochoa, Diana Gabriela; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hyoid bone position in different skeletal patterns by cephalometric tracing of the hyoid triangle according to Bibby and Preston. Stablishing differences between skeletal malocclusions. Materials and methods: In this study 161 lateral cehalograms corresponding to patients of both sexes (75 men and 86 women) with ages ranging from 9 to 18 years, were divided into three subgroups (Class I, Class II and Class III) according to APDI and ANB angles. The anteroposterior, vertical and angular position of the hyoid bone was determined by cephalometric tracing of the hyoid triangle. Skull, cervical vertebrae and hyoid bone were the anatomical structures delineated by the lines and planes traced according to Bibby and Preston. Standard measures for each skeletal class were obtained. Results: Statistically significant difference was found regarding the measure H-RGn (p< 0,05) among Class I and II; Class II and III. The value of the Hyoid plane angle shows significant differences between class I and II and between Class II and III (p<0,005). Male and female individuals with skeletal class I presented significant differences for the measure H-RGn (p<0,005). The angular position of the hyoid bone showed statistically significant differences between age groups in the three skeletal classes (p<0,005). Conclusions: It concluded itself that the positioning of hyoid bone was variable in different skeletal patterns. However, its position in relation to the cervical spine has less variability than its relationship to the mandible. It is important to consider sexual dimorphism when evaluating hyoid position, as well as changes in position in individuals who are growing. It´s important to consider the sexual dimorphism in the analysis of the hyoid bone position, as well as changes in its position in individuals who are growing
Factores asociados al bruxismo del sueño en niños Revisión bibliográfica
(2020) Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Garay Villavicencio, Juan Carlos; Cantos Tello, Paola Michelle; Condo Landy, Victor Hugo
Bruxism is a disorder characterized by involuntary and nonfunctional grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. Its etiology is multifactorial but is often associated with genetic factors, psychosocial factors, sleep disorders, parafunctional habits, among others. This pathology can cause serious problems to the stomatognathic system, such as tooth wear, headaches, muscle aches and temporomandibular disorders. Polysomnography is the gold standard for its diagnosis; however, it has certain limitations such as high costs and also requires the patient to sleep in a sleep laboratory. However, its application is difficult for some patients, especially in children. Bruxism should be considered an important public health problem, because children are in a transcendental period for growth and development, the interruption of sleep can cause certain alterations, in addition, maintaining this childhood habit until adulthood can bring repercussions on general health; therefore, early therapeutic intervention should be carried out, in such a way as to improve the quality of life of children.
Importancia de la guía anterior en el tratamiento de ortodoncia: Revisión de la literatura
(2020) Osorio Ayala, Lesly Damaris; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda; Pesantez Ibarra, Mateo Jose; Parra Calle, Maria Jose; Paredes Tenesaca, Daniela Germania; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Orthodontic treatment must include both functional and aesthetic parameters to establish balance in the stomatognathic system, despite this, in many cases these criterions are not taken into consideration producing alterations at masticatory level. To achieve stability, the treatments must establish an anterior guidance which protects posterior teeth in eccentric movements, thus avoiding, contacts that can have repercussions at teeth’s level, periodontium, temporomandibular joint and oral muscles. This article aims to make known the importance of the anterior guidance in orthodontics and the consequence of avoiding this fundamental parameter of occlusion. The following literature review was carried out by a bibliographic compilation of different studies related to occlusion and function of the anterior guidance, in addition to possible consequences of its absence. It is concluded that without analyzing each factor during the functional movements of the TMJ, will not obtain the desired objectives proposed by the clinical treatment.
Métodos diagnósticos para estudio de anomalías dentomaxilares en sentido transversal. Revisión bibliográfica
(2020) Molina Alvarado, Maria Alejandra; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda; Lalangui Matamoros, Joe Javier; Juca Guaman, Claudia Valeria; Lasso Cabrera, Gustavo Eduardo
The existing information of diagnostic methods on the sagittal and vertical dimensions is extensive, however, there is few literature that indicates which are the available methods that have been developed over time for the diagnosis of dentomaxillary problems in the transversal direction. The importance of the study of the transverse plane in orthodontics is known; furthermore, orthodontists have identified that transverse maxillary deficiencies constitute many of the malocclusions. The objective of this study was to describe different methods implemented through history for the diagnosis of transverse dentomaxillary problems. The methods described included: clinical methods such as observation, palpation and Izard's index; analysis of study models such as Pont index, Korkhaus index, McNamara, Mayoral analysis, Hayes analysis and Andrews element III analysis; Ricketts P-A radiographic method and tomographic methods including the UPenn method. The present literature review was carried out through a bibliographic compilation of studies related to transverse diagnostic methods. It is important that each professional, under their own criteria and based on the information presented, choose the most convenient method.
Posición del hueso hioides en pacientes con mordida abierta
(2019-05-14) Arízaga Delgado, Angélica María; Romero Benavides, Daniela Alexandra; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Villavicencio Caparó, Ebingen
Objective: Evaluate the position of hyoid bone in patients with open bite, by cephalometric tracing of the hyoid triangle proposed by Rocabado, Bibby and Preston. Materials and method: In this study 32 digital lateral cephalic radiographs were analyzed, these were obtained from a dental center in the city of Cuenca, corresponding to individuals of both sexes, between 5 and 26 years of age. The radiographs were analyzed by the Nemoceph NX program, where the anteroposterior and vertical position of the hyoid bone was determined by the cephalometric tracing of the hyoid triangle proposed by Rocabado, Bibby and Preston, with the chin, the third cervical vertebra and the hyoid bone that were used to make such a layout. The concordance index (ICC = 0.95) was obtained. Results: An anterosuperior position of the hyoid bone was observed in individuals with an open bite, with a positive hyoid triangle, but not always, since in some of the cases a negative hyoid triangle was present. There were statistically significant differences between men and women with respect to the vertical position of the hyoid bone, this position varied in the different age groups, with a higher position in a lower age range and decreasing as age progressed. Conclusions: The position of the hyoid bone in patients with open bite has an anterosuperior tendency, influenced by sex and age. In the present study, most patients presented a positive hyoid triangle (59.4%), but not in all cases, since they also presented a negative hyoid triangle (40.6%).
Prevalencia de mineralización del complejo estilohioideo en radiografías panorámicas digitales
(2018) Castro Espinoza, Erika Cristina; Vidal Dávila, Tatiana Alexandra; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
The stylohyoid complex is a bone and ligamentous structure formed by several anatomical entities such as: the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament and the horn of the hyoid. The styloid process originates in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone and measures an average of 25 mm; sometimes it may be increased in length, a situation that may or may not manifest itself with pain. OBJECTIVE: Determinate the prevalence of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex in digital panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study were analyzed 2025 digital panoramic radiographs of patients of both sexes, in ages from 12 to 92 years, in the period 2015-2016. All those panoramic radiographs were the stylohyoid complex exceed 25 mm, were considered as a mineralized. RESULTS: Of a total of 2025 panoramic radiographs examined, 1206 (59,6%) radiographs showed some type of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex. Of these 766 belong to the female sex and 440 to the male sex. The age range of the patients in this investigation was from 12 to 92 years, presenting more bilaterally (33.98%). In addition, it was found that 76% of the cases belonging to the age group of older adults, was the most prevalent. CONCLUSION: The present study shows a high prevalence of mineralization of the stylohyoid complex (59,6%), in comparison with other studies in different places of the world. The average length of the mineralized stylohyoid complex in older adults was 33mm on the right side and 32.7mm on the left side.
Prevalencia del Ponticulus Posticus de acuerdo a la clasificacion de Cederberg y Stubbs, en pacientes que acudieron a un centro radiológico de la ciudad de Cuenca, en edades de 9 a los 25 años, durante los años 2013 a 2015
(2017) Becerra Moreira, María Auxiliadora; Pacheco Pesantez, Diana Estefanía; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Ponticulus posticus, by observing lateral cephalometric digital skull in patients aged 9 to 25 years, randomly selected from the database of the "Center of radiology and oral tomography and maxillofacial" Dr. Juan Hermida Muñoz, located in the city of Cuenca, in order to know the prevalence of this anatomical variant. Materials and Methods: 1000 digital cephalometric lateral skull patients 9-25 years of the period 2013-2015, who met the inclusion criteria were used. The data obtained were analyzed in the SPSS 19.0 program. The researchers involved in the analysis had a previous training in observation and classification of this anatomical variant. Results and conclusions: According to the classification of Cederberg and Stubbs found greater prevalence of class 2 of Ponticus Posticus. Men presented a higher prevalence of Ponticus Posticus in class 2 when calcification extends less than half of the vertebral artery, followed by class 3 when calcification extends to the middle of the vertebral artery and finally class 4 when calcification extends completely throughout the artery, so that sex influences the distribution of this anatomical variation. Ponticulus Posticus is an anatomical variant with high prevalence in the study population
Relación cráneo cervical en pacientes clase I, II, y III esqueletal entre 9 y 18 años de edad, mediante radiografías cefálicas laterales de un centro radiológico de la ciudad de cuenca.
(2016) Galarza Espinoza, Verónica; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
The aim of this study was to determine the craniocervical relationship in skeletal class I, II, and III subjects, between 9 and 18 years old, using lateral cephalograms, taken from a radiology center of the city of Cuenca, using the cranio cervical analisys proposed by Rocabado. Materials and methods: 161 lateral digital cephalograms were analized, of both sexes, with average age of 12.3 years (SD ± 2.4). There were included lateral cephalograms of patients with mixed and permanent dentition, without history of orthodontic treatment and where whom is observed until the sixth cervical vertebra. There were excluded radiographs of patients with open bite, maxillofacial trauma and poor quality radiographs. The cephalometric analysis was made in the cephalometric program Nemoceph NX, where the skeletal pattern was determined by the SNA, SNB, ANB and APDI angles. The assessment of cervical posture, was performed by the cráneo cervical analysis proposed by Rocabado. An ICC of 0.94 was obtained before the analisys. Relation between variables was made using descriptive statistics and Chi square and T test. Results: Posterior rotation of the cranium ocurred most frecuently in skeletal class I and II. Statistically significant differences were found between men and women with skeletal class II. Women showed a higher posterior rotation of the skull rotation unlike men. (P = 0.004). Skeletal class III individual showed a normal relationship. The suboccipital space in the three skeletal classes presented normally. No significant differences were found in respect to age. Conclusions: Cranio cervical posture of the skull is presented with a tendency to posterior rotation of the cranium, strongly influenced by the sex of individuals. The suboccipital space is normal in skeletal class I and II, but with a tendency to increase in class III.
Relationship between dental occlusion and brain activity: a narrative review
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-21) Silva Ulloa, Sebastian; Cordero Ordóñez, Ana Lucía; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio
Objectives: Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain activity so as to provide theoretical support to enable future studies on the subject. Study selection, data, and sources: Relevant case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews available in English were retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Of the 53 articles obtained, 12 were included. Conclusion: The sensorimotor cortex is affected by changes in occlusion. It is speculated that occlusion could play an important role in the development of diseases, from anxiety and stress to Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia. Further investigations into the interactions between occlusion and brain function are needed to elucidate the parts of the brain that are affected when occlusion is disturbed and to determine whether brain function is altered. Clinical significance: Dentists must consider that alterations in the occlusal pattern during mastication can lead to changes in the activation of different brain regions related to memory, learning, anticipatory pain, and anxiety. This suggests that mastication maintains the integrity of certain brain areas and that it may be a key factor in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
Relationship between dental occlusion and brain activity: a narrative review.
(2022) Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Cordero Ordoñez, Ana Lucia; Silva Ulloa, Sebastian
Objectives: Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain activity so as to provide theoretical support to enable future studies on the subject. Study selection, data, and sources: Relevant case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews available in English were retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Of the 53 articles obtained, 12 were included. Conclusion: The sensorimotor cortex is affected by changes in occlusion. It is speculated that occlusion could play an important role in the development of diseases, from anxiety and stress to Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Further investigations into the interactions between occlusion and brain function are needed to elucidate the parts of the brain that are affected when occlusion is disturbed and to determine whether brain function is altered. Clinical significance: Dentists must consider that alterations in the occlusal pattern during mastication can lead to changes in the activation of different brain regions related to memory, learning, anticipatory pain, and anxiety. This suggests that mastication maintains the integrity of certain brain areas and that it may be a key factor in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
Síndrome de la apnea obstructiva del sueño: Revisión de la literatura
(2020) Buestan Zambrano, Juan Fernando; Abad Ortiz, Hugo Alejandro; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Arias Murillo, Yanela Lisbeth; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or OSAS is a sleep disorder of multifactorial etiology, which consists of partial or total obstruction of the upper airways, which could be critical in severe cases, it can occur in children and adults, some of its Clinical manifestations and symptoms include craniofacial anomalies, sleep quality deterioration, drowsiness, headaches, alterations in cognitive performance which have a great negative impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from it, it can also be associated with other pathologies or syndromes. According to studies, its prevalence is significant for it to be present in the daily appointment. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of the literature on OSAS from a dental perspective that helps us to better understand this pathology that allows us to collaborate in an early detection of it. 23 scientific articles from 2005 to 2020 were collected from the PubMed database that provide us with evidence about its pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, prevalence, severity, and treatment. According to the literature, the gold standard for diagnosis is polysomnography and there is no unanimous management protocol, especially in non-surgical therapy, that is why studies suggest that the management should be multidisciplinary orthodontist-doctor for its optimization. The importance of further studies on its treatment is highlighted.
Una nueva visión de las extracciones seriadas: Revisión de la literatura
(2020) Torres Tamayo, Gabriela Cecibel; Barzallo Sardi, Vinicio Egidio; Yunga Picon, Maria Yolanda; Yamunaque Vire, Jessica Micaela; Uguña Andrade, Fernando Paul
Serial extraction is an Orthodontic procedure performed in patients with mixed dentition, which involves the extraction of temporary and permanent teeth in a sequential manner, to improve the alignment of the permanent teeth, reduce the crowding of the arches and reduce the complexity of subsequent orthodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to determine, through the most recent literature review, the benefit of performing serial extractions as an Interceptive Orthodontic procedure, as well as; expand knowledge about the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of carrying out this procedure, in order to establish a correct diagnosis, planning and subsequent treatment. Fifteen scientific articles were selected from the PubMed and Science Direct databases, which show that serial extraction is a treatment that depends on age, dental bone discrepancy, facial profile, maxillary and mandibular relationship. the kinds of malocclusion. We can conclude that it is essential to make a correct diagnosis prior to the procedure and make decisions individually for each patient.