Browsing by Author "Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides"

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Análisis de calidad de energía eléctrica en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2019-04-30) Gómez Orellana, Jaime Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The quality of electric power is an issue of importance for the development of the economy, the industry, where it is necessary to have an electrical service that does not generate damage in sensitive equipment that does not tolerate fluctuations. The objective of this certification work is to perform a quality analysis of the electrical system of the Faculty of Engineering, in order to collect information on the voltage levels, current, frequency, voltage imbalance, harmonics, fliker, power factor, active power, reactive, apparent, energy and with that proceed to diagnose the current state of electric power. Over the years, the electric demand in the Faculty has increased according to the implementation of new equipment for the benefit of the students. Obtaining as result new electrical installations, since there is no updated plan of lighting, circuits force and the location of the distribution boards, is done the lifting of the fixed charges that are find installed and a plane of improvement that involves change is presented and relocation of boards.
Análisis de factibilidad para transferencia de carga desde subestación Lago Agrio a subestaciones adyacentes pertenecientes a CNEL EP Unidad de Negocio Sucumbíos
(2018) Yaguache Ordóñez, César Augusto; Cuenca Alulima, Carlos Aníbal; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides; Estrada Centeno, Jorge Enrique
The power distribution system of the CNEL EP Sucumbíos that serves the city of Nueva Loja and its adjacent sectors is formed by Celso Castellanos substation as well as Lago Agrio substation. The present work focuses on performing an analysis of the behaviour of the aforementioned system in case of a power transformer disconnection in any of the above-mentioned substations either by emergency or maintenance (i.e. total disconnection of the substation). This analysis includes: selection of the transfer trunk based on technical - economic criteria, thermal behaviour of the trunk on peak demand, and the evaluation of the electrical characteristics of the transfer trunk. As a tool for the analysis, CYME 7.1 Software is used alongside the CNEL Business Unit Sucumbíos database and equipment. The economic analysis of the project is focused on providing both, a reliable technical solution as well economical viability for implementation by CNEL Business Unit Sucumbíos. As a complement to the analysis of the behaviour in a state of emergency and economic valuation, a manoeuvre plan was made for the transfer of load from Celso Castellano substation to Lago Agrio substation and vice versa, while also taking into account the characteristics of each electrical substation
Análisis de factibilidad para la sustitución del uso de energía térmica a energía eléctrica en las camaroneras del cantón Machala
(2018) Fajardo Fárez, Roberto Carlos; Quevedo Castillo, Claudio Enrique; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The purpose of the present titration work is to elaborate a technical - economic analysis for the change of the use of thermal energy to electrical energy in the shrimp farms of the Machala canton. To fulfill the objective, a pumping station will be analyzed and the cost for the use of diesel and electric power will be evaluated. The analysis is based on the information collected about the production process and diesel consumption. The aspects that must be considered are the oversizing of the pumps, considered important due to the high consumption of diesel that is related to the capacity of the machines. Another aspect is to present an alternative energy that replaces diesel pumps, electric pumps that work with electricity that are efficient and that in turn generate savings to contribute to the reduction of diesel consumption in the country. In the shrimp sector, when replacing thermal energy with electrical energy, it will reduce operating costs significantly, therefore, this benefit should be used to implement new pumps and electrical equipment.
Análisis del impacto de la Generación Distribuida sobre la calidad de energía en redes de la Empresa Eléctrica Azogues C.A
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-08-27) Chimbo Peñaloza, Adrián Paúl; Romero Miranda, David Emmanuel; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The increasing integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into medium and low-voltage networks generates bidirectional current flows, disrupting their conventional operation and affecting power quality. This work analyzes the impact of Self-Consumption Distributed Generation Systems (SGDA) on the power quality of the Empresa Eléctrica Azogues C.A. (EEA) networks through a study of two cases. Variations in voltage, flicker, harmonics, and voltage imbalance are evaluated following the integration of these systems, verifying compliance with Ecuadorian regulations and standard norms. The methodology includes a review of the state of the art regarding the effects of distributed generation on power quality, analysis of IEEE and ARCERNNR standards, field measurements, and simulations using Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS) software with scenarios considering the connection of photovoltaic systems and energy storage. The results confirm power quality issues, such as voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortion, suggesting mitigations with devices like D-STATCOM, OLTC, and batteries. Simulations in OpenDSS corroborate the field data, showing improvements in voltage profiles and an increase in flicker and harmonics during photovoltaic production. Based on these findings, technical criteria are established for the future integration of SGDA into EEA networks, focusing on inverter requirements according to national and international standards.
Análisis en estado estacionario y verificación del sistema de protecciones en las líneas de transmisión de las subestaciones adyacentes ante la incorporación del Parque Eólico Minas de Huascachaca al Sistema Nacional de Transmisión
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-04) Merchán Muñoz, Christian Israel; Vintimilla Zhingre, Pablo Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
In this degree work, an analysis of the electrical impact of the incorporation of the Minas de Huascachaca Wind Farm (MHWF) in the 138 kV National Transmission System (NTS) is carried out. The work begins with a brief description of the elements of the Electrical Power System (EPS) and its balanced and unbalanced steady state analysis methods. It continues with the technical description of the wind turbines and associated equipment; then, a statistical study of the wind speed at the MHWF site is carried out, with the objective of determining the average speeds and thus being able to estimate the output power of the wind turbines at the time of electric energy production; The estimated generation power and the technical data of the MHWF allow performing the steady state analysis of the EPS associated to the MHWF before and after the incorporation of the MHWF for minimum, average and maximum demand in dry and rainy periods; to then perform the analysis of contingencies N – 1 after the incorporation of the MHWF. The work continues with a study of short circuits of the bars associated to the MHWF; as well as the verification of the protection system of the lines adjacent to the La Paz substation. It ends with conclusions and recommendations. All calculations and simulations were performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.
Análisis energético de centrales eólicas
(2012) Cochancela Araujo, Jhonnatan Rodrigo; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides; Barragán Escandón, Edgar Antonio
Análisis para la penalización por bajo factor de potencia a grandes clientes con tarifa industrial en bajo y medio voltaje en la provincia de Orellana
(2018) Macas León, Janela Patricia; Silva Zapata, Moisés Agustín; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The present work considers the penalty for the low power factor of the industrial subscribers of the province of Orellana. The correction of the power factor leads to a better use of electrical energy, so this project was dedicated to the analysis of subscribers who have to correct the power factor, until reaching a nominal value of 0.92. Initially there is a brief introduction of the basic concepts of power, of some techniques that are used for the correction of the power factor, as well as the benefits or economic charges that are due to a high or low power factor, respectively. Then, in another chapter it is observed how the coverage of the electric service has been increasing, a summary of the province of Orellana and the concession of the CNEL. Also, the characteristics of the subtransmission lines, the transformers of each substation with their feeders. Finally, we present a summary table with all the subscribers that have a power factor less than 0.92, the reactive power supply for the correction and an economic analysis of the value of their penalty for having a lower power factor.
Comparative study of dynamic response by three types of energy storage systems for grid studies: A Microgrid Laboratory experimental-based study
(2024) Iñiguez Morán, Vinicio Estuardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
Implementing Energy Storage Systems (ESS) is increasingly significant in power electrical systems. This is attributed to their ability to store surplus electricity generated by renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, contributing to the balance between generation and demand. Literature studies indicate that this practice enhances network stability and diminishes the need for expensive redesigns in infrastructure. This paper presents an exhaustive experimentation-based study of the dynamic response provided by three energy storage system technologies: supercapacitors, Lithium-Ion batteries, and Vanadium redox flow batteries, technologies with significant academic, research, and industrial interests nowadays. The objective of this research is the experimental evaluation of the performance of such technologies in real electrical system operations, focusing on determining the efficiency of charge and discharge, as well as the tracking of active and reactive power achieved through the associated grid interface. The experimental tests performed in a microgrid laboratory show these technologies’ advantages and limitations in different grid-integration applications, with the Lithium-Ion battery-based ESS demonstrating the highest efficiency and faster power response. The results achieved and reported in the article can serve as an essential input for researchers and technology developers to feed their models with more precise parameters and data that might provide results closer to the actual behaviour of the studied prototypes. The methodological framework used in this research is descriptive, experimental, and quantitative.
Coordinación óptima de protecciones en alimentadores radiales con la presencia de generación distribuida
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-02-08) Cabrera Buestán, Milton Cristóbal; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
Renewable energy sources market is growing, and distributed generation arises, whose application is focused mainly in electrical distribution systems. These additional sources provide great benefits to the network, but modify its traditional operation, especially for radial feeders. One of the consequences is the change in the levels of fault currents, because these sources contribute during an eventual short circuit, which requires an adequate reconfiguration of each of the protection devices installed in the system. This document analyzes a method of coordinating each of the protection elements, preserving, if possible, the entire initial network infrastructure, considering the constructive and operational restrictions of the relays, reclosers and fuses installed. The process is based on dividing the electric system into operating branches and, with a computational script, the time parameters that must be applied to each of the existing relays and reclosers are calculated. Finally, results obtained are analyzed to find the one that offers the best performance to guarantee adequate selectivity
Distributed Generation Applied to Residential Self-Supply in South America in the Decade 2013–2023: A Literature Review
(2023) Chabla Auqui, Luis Leonardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The implementation of residential distributed generation (DG) in South America has shown significant growth in the last decade, driven by increased research on photovoltaics and renewable energy sources. Regulatory policies and business models have been crucial in fostering the adoption of DG in the region, with residential self-supply being the most receptive sector for implementing the concept. This article presents a literature review on DG as applied to residential self-supply in South America by comprehensively analyzing documents published between 2013 and 2023, applying the PRISMA methodology. In total, 37 literature resources have been systematically selected and reviewed to contribute to the identification of trends and developments in the field of DG in the residential sector, as well as to highlight areas that require further research and attention from stakeholders, including policymakers, investors, technology providers, and consumers in the South American context.
Estudio de prefactibilidad para el almacenamiento a través de baterías de litio e hidrógeno para el excedente de energía eléctrica del parque eólico Huascachaca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-30) Padilla Tapia, Marco Vinicio; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The diversification of Ecuador’s energy matrix, driven by the Master Electricity Plan, includes the implementation of an energy storage system using lithium-ion and hydrogen technologies to harness the surplus energy generated by the Huascachaca Wind Farm (PEH). This project, which could bring economic benefits to ELECAUSTRO S.A. by enabling the injection of stored energy into the National Interconnected System (SNI), involves a technical, economic, and environmental analysis of both technologies. A land use and infrastructure proposal is presented in accordance with national regulations, and the energy generation and consumption behavior of the PEH is studied to calculate daily, monthly, and annual surpluses. Using MATLAB programming, the necessary storage system is sized, and its maximum potential is evaluated. Finally, a financial analysis is carried out, comparing the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Net Present Value (NPV) of both options to identify the most economically viable and profitable alternative. The conclusions support the feasibility of the project under certain conditions, and all calculations and simulations were conducted using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB R2019a.
Gestión de la demanda de vehículos eléctricos, en función del perfil de voltaje de la red
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-09-23) Cabrera Cobos, Galo Javier; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
Global warming and climate change were generated, among other causes, by using vehicles for transportation using fossil fuels, which emit large amounts of toxic greenhouse gases, and are leading to their replacement by electric cars. In Ecuador, under current conditions, the massive implementation of electric vehicles should not jeopardize the quality of electric service of the Energy Distribution Companies. From the analysis of the voltage profile in the distribution network of Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centro Sur, it has been verified that the voltage profile in the secondary networks varied inversely proportional to the network load, without this meaning a breach of product quality since they are variations within the band considered acceptable (±8%). In this context, this proposal proposed a solution that would reduce the impact on supply quality through a model that will manage the EV demand autonomously, processing input signals (secondary voltage profile) and delivering control signals to vary the EV’s power. The proposal contemplated the research, development, and simulation through software (Open DSS) of such a model. It performed a case study by extrapolating the massification of this application on an electrical grid.
Manual de procedimientos para la construcción de las redes eléctricas subterráneas para la Empresa Eléctrica Ambato Regional Centro Norte S.A.
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-15) Campozano Tuba, Jaime Patricio; Tubón Capuz, Stalin Daniel; León Córdova, Pedro Alejandro; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
In this thesis, a construction manual for underground electrical networks in the concession area of the Ambato Regional Centro Norte Electric Company, Inc. is presented. This work will take into account the company's own regulations and the regulations already established for the construction of underground electrical networks. There is no specific manual or a pre-established guide for the assembly and construction of these networks; that is why this guide, which will be of significant help, is offered. Civil works will begin in the first instance. In this part the basic considerations of construction of pipelines, chambers and monitoring wells will be taken into account. A brief description of the current technical standards and conditions to proceed with the construction of the electrical work will be made. A second part will deal with the construction of the electrical work in which some aspects such as the conductors that will be used for both medium and low voltage as well as the tests which the electrical installations must be subjected to will be considered prior to its operation. As for the assembly elements, isolated accessories such as electrical terminals, bushing inserts, busbars, splices, and connectors which are of the utmost importance to succeed in the work will be analyzed. Regarding power transformers, the respective and already regulated standards for underground electrical networks will be taken into account. The maneuvering and protection equipment will be contemplated as well since this equipment is ideal to protect the installation and avoid major damages that could bring with them a higher cost in terms of detection of the failure and its repair. The final section will be devoted to the assembly and technical descriptions for public lighting.
Metodología para evaluar la flexibilidad técnica operativa de un conjunto de recursos energéticos distribuidos (DERs) como mecanismo para facilitar la integración de la generación distribuida
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-02-29) Cabrera Pesántez, Erick Santiago; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
This thesis focuses on the analysis of a methodology for evaluating the model the operational flexibility of a set of distributed generation units, essential for their effective integration into the electric power system. The initial overview of the work explores distributed generation, defining key concepts and examining its current status in Ecuador through installed projects and current regulations. In addition, it delves into the international understanding of Operational Flexibility, reviewing its evolution and defining the perspective adopted in this study to use this concept. The proposed methodology employs metrics such as operating power, power ramp and energy storage to define a volume of flexibility of Distributed Energy Resources (DER). The study is performed in three phases: analysis of the individual flexibility of each DER, followed by an aggregation to calculate an overall flexibility volume and finally an evaluation by comparing the available flexibility with the flexibility required to establish that it is sufficient. Python was used for graphical representations and Excel for data analysis. Validity was checked by simulations of IEEE base models with OpenDSS and MATLAB, showing consistency in the results.
Pinturas solares: análisis energético de una nueva tecnología aplicada en Ecuador
(2018) Pereira Ayabaca, Angelo Rafael; Tenemea Lima, Kelvin Paul; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
The purpose of this research work is to determine if PV solar energy through a new emergent technology like solar paints could be feasible for generation of electricity in Ecuador, this from the theoretical point. Similarly, an exhaustive research about the state of art of Solar Paints new technology has done in order to know its scientific, experimental and commercial transcendence, and this way make an analysis about the energy efficiency of the solar paints taking into account geographic and climatologic data that characterizes Ecuador in each one of its regions and places. With the support of the solar atlas and others reliable sources, the potential areas for the use of solar radiation are determined. In such a way that an approach is made for the energy, economic and environmental calculation of the area that would be the optimum for the generation of electricity through application of the solar paint. Finally, after the energy, economic and environmental analysis, the optimal zone of the Ecuador is determined feasible for its application. Furthermore, innovation criteria and future research challenges of the new technology are establishe
Reuse of Electrical Vehicle Batteries for Second Life Applications in Power Systems with a High Penetration of Renewable Energy: A Systematic Literature Review
(2024) Campoverde Pillco, Jorge Leonardo; Ochoa Correa, Danny Vinicio; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
This article presents a systematic literature review on the reuse of electric vehicle batteries (EVB) for second-life applications in power systems. The end-oflife of these batteries represents a major environmental problem due to their composition and materials. The study aims to analyze the reuse of EVBs as a sustainable alternative for the environment. Additionally, it seeks to provide complementary services to facilitate the incorporation of intermittent unconventional renewable generation into the electrical grid. Through an exhaustive search of scientific publications indexed in prestigious digital catalogs and their subsequent systematic treatment, a selected group of 49 scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023 have been found in which the different opportunities, benefits and limitations of second-life energy storage systems oriented to boost a circular economy have been identified. The study concludes that, although the reuse of batteries has not yet been fully addressed or implemented due to existing challenges in terms of technology, costs, and regulations, it is of utmost importance to delve deeper into its analysis to improve efficiency and reduce the environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing, use, and disposal of such batteries.
Segmentación de red de un sistema de distribución mediante técnicas de agrupamiento posterior a la inserción de vehículos eléctricos de carga liviana
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-08) Albarracín Matute, Freddy Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Patricio Alcides
This research work aims to establish a methodology that allows determining patterns in an electrical network, in this case of a medium voltage distribution system, identifying network segments that present drawbacks from the point of view of compliance with certain electrical operating parameters. , given the increase in demand due to the insertion of electric vehicles as an additional electric charge in the system, under different levels of penetration. For this, stochastic models based mainly on Monte Carlo simulations will be used to establish the increase in demand under different scenarios of penetration of electric vehicles, in the so-called light or slow charging mode, as well as grouping (clustering) will be used to determine patterns and areas of this distribution system that best respond to these scenarios, as well as those that are compromised. The characteristics of the network considered for the subsequent grouping will correspond to voltage levels, loadability of transformers and level of losses caused in the network. The EDS (electrical distribution system) to be analyzed will obey a case study of a real feeder, and the modeling of the insertion of electric vehicles will be carried out for the light load regime also called low voltage slow load.