Browsing by Author "Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián"

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A diffusive propagation model for molecular communications: analysis and implementation in NS-3
(Springer, Cham, 2021) Calderón Calderón, José Paúl; Zúñiga Gómez, Eddy Andrés; Tello Oquendo, Luis Patricio; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Tello Oquendo, Luis Patricio
In this research, the analysis and implementation of a diffusive propagation model for molecular communications are performed in NS-3. The work is based on the IEEE 1906.1-2015 standard recommendation, which seeks to create a reference framework for molecular communications. The standard provides a simulation module in NS-3, which contains only the components of the general structure of molecular communication and their interaction between them. The components mentioned are Message Carrier, Motion, Field, Perturbation, and Specificity. The transmitter uses CSK modulation. In the medium, Brownian motion (BM) with and without drift is used for the motion of the molecules, and intersymbol interference is considered. In the receiver, amplitude detection is used. The whole process is applied in four scenarios: Free BM, BM with drift, free BM bounded by the medium, and BM with drift bounded by the medium are considered. As a result, the pulse train of the mean concentration of molecules as a function of time at the receiver is obtained. In addition, the obtained results are compared with an investigation performed in N3Sim to validate the results. Finally, it is validated that the mean concentration at the receiver using the diffusive propagation model implemented complies with the mathematical model established by Fick’s second law.
A simple mapping methodology of gait biomechanics for walking control of a biped robot
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
This research presents a simple mapping methodology for gait biomechanics of a human being into joint angles of a 10 degrees of freedom (DOF) biped robot. The joint angles are mapped by considering the zero moment point (ZMP) criterion. The walking control of the robot is performed by an optimal state feedback controller. The walking trajectories are planned in the sagittal plane, and they are generated in compliance with the ZMP of the robot - keeping the robot within the support polygon - by dividing the control process in two stages: unique support and double support. A linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) is used as an approximate single mass model of the robot during gait. Results of this research include simulation-based analysis and real-time implementation results, which show accurate robot movements with limited robustness under slippery platforms. Â© 2018 IEEE.
A simple reliable wireless bus design for home automation systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Flores, Pablo; Moscoso Martínez, Marlon; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael
This paper presents the design and development of a simple wireless bus for domotics (WBD). The architecture of the bus is based on a classical master/multi-slave configuration, where the beginning of any task in the network is initiated by the master unit. The proposed domotic bus shows a reliable performance thanks to the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm configured in a modified Modbus frame. The commands’ speed response of the proposed bus is increased in comparison with other domotic standards, such as X10, ZigBee, and LonWorks, which offers an affordable, yet reliable self-configurable network solution for home automation solutions (HAS).
AC dynamic transmission expansion planning using a hybrid optimization algorithm
(IEEE Computer Society, 2020) Morquecho, Edgar; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio; Matute, Nelson; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; López Quizhpi, Julio César; Flores, Wilfredo
Dynamic Transmission Expansion Planning (DTEP) seeks to answer where, how many, and when new infrastructure should be added to the electrical system. The goal is to allow a correct and efficient operation along the planning horizon. In this research work, a load shedding formulation extended for the multistage alternating current (AC) model with the co-optimization of shunt compensation is proposed. A novel hybrid meta-heuristic is used as optimization technique to solve the DTEP problem. Solutions were obtained from IEEE 24-bus test system. For comparative purposes, the problem was also solved using static (STEP) and quasi-dynamic (QTEP) approaches.
Algoritmos de aprendizaje no supervisado para la estimación de la resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico en el adulto mayor de la ciudad de Cuenca
(2017) Vintimilla García, Christian Xavier; Wong de Balzan, Sara; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
In this degree work, Insulin Resistance (IR) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are explored in the Cuenca‘s elderly population, from the point of view of unsupervised classification methods. In the case of IR, five estimation methods were analyzed using a K-means classification on a population of 119 people older than 65 years old who underwent a two-point Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). The K-means algorithm with K = 2 and K = 3 was applied in onedimensional experiments for the Homa-IR, Quicki, Avignon, and Matsuda methods. The results obtained allowed the development of a platform to aid in the diagnosis of IR. These findings were object of two publications (IV Congress of Information and Communication Technologies TIC-EC 2017, and IEEE ETCM 2017: 2nd IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting). For the study of MS using Kohonen’s SOM, two types of normalization (binary and by rank) were analyzed for the inputs of the neural network using a population of 387 elderly people. The results, using a pre-processing by ranges allow a better classification of the population in all cases. This study allowed to select the type of pre-processing for the diagnosis of MS in the elderly population of the city of Cuenca using SOM and was the object of a publication in the V Congress REDU 2017 and the II Congress I+D+Ingeniería. The future work is oriented to validate the results obtained in other elderly populations.
An aide diagnosis system based on k-means for insulin resistance assessment in eldery people from the Ecuadorian highlands
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Wong de balzan , Sara Null; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Severeyn, Erika
The lack of standardized cut-off values for the surrogate methods to diagnose Insulin resistance (IR) and the fact that the sensitivity of these methods have been studied in specific populations have limited their use in clinical routine. We developed a system that could aide to diagnosis IR in elderly people, analyzing four surrogate methods of IR estimation using a k-means clustering algorithm. Study subjects included 119 nondiabetic participants over 65 year old from Ecuadorian highlands. Blood tests included a two-point oral glucose test tolerance. The k-means clustering algorithm, was applied in one-dimensional experiments for the Homa-IR, Quicki, Avignon and Matsuda. The population was divided into three clusters: C N with normal values, C IR with IR and C a with values in between. The number of individuals classified in each C Ir was very different according to each method. With the cut-off values obtained, for each method, the system for the evaluation of IR in elderly people was developed. Our work is intended to aid physicians in the early detection of IR by using information from diverse methods.
An open source SCADA system to implement advanced computer integrated manufacturing
(IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY, 2016-12-01) Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Ochoa, S; Velecela, E
The computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) approach allows the possibility to remotely and optimally control the entire production process in a plant. The implementation of CIM architectures demands the installation of several software platforms, which most of the cases are commercial and have high licensing prices. This research presents the development of an open software architecture for advanced CIM (OSACIM) by using two open software development platforms: Java and Python. The use of open software in the development of this solution allows the creation of a low price CIM approach. The results of using the system in laboratory tests show good results in comparison with commercial softwares for developing OPC communications and SCADA systems, which perform similar functionalities as the proposed OSACIM. The main features and limitations of the system are reported.
Análisis comparativo de algoritmos de posicionamiento para un sistema de localización basado en tecnología LoRa
(2019-04-29) Arpi Saquipay, Braulio Vinicio; Sánchez Venenaula, Christian Paúl; Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
Along the last years, we have seen a growing demand of services and systems that depend on the specific location of both people and different kinds of gadgets. For this reason, there is an interest on the development and evolution of Positioning Systems (PS) that use the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to complex location services. The main aim of these PS is to estimate the relative position related to other known positions inside of a coordinate system. Currently, the Global Positioning System (GPS) offers good accuracy on location services around the world. Although it does not work effectively on applications with a high amount of small, cheap and low power requirements devices. Therefore, current researchers prefer to work on new low-cost wireless technologies; for example, WiFi, Zigbee, or LoRa. In this context, it is very important to know some fundamental aspects before of start to design a PS. For example; the architecture of the PS, sources of error; common positioning algorithms, such as ToA, TDoA, AoA, and RSSI; and common location algorithms, such as multilateration, triangulation, and trilateration. Besides, it is important to know the needs and limitations of both positioning and localization algorithms about RF features. The main purpose is to verify the feasibility of determined devices available to design and implement the PS. To conclude, this thesis project has the main aim to design and implement a low-cost PS based on RSSI positioning algorithm and trilateration location algorithm. To analyze the behavior and feasibility of both FiPy and LoPy devices with LoRa technology in location applications. Besides, the thesis evaluates a set of tests to find irregular behaviors and to mitigate these problems. As a final result provide a PS working correctly; and a comparative analysis about the accuracy error among different scenarios and similar studies.
Análisis comparativo entre sistemas de clasificación basados en técnicas de Machine Learning para catalogar tipos de empuje de un patinador de velocidad
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-08-23) Albornoz Tépan, Ximena Lorena; Ulloa Montaleza, Bryan Sebastián; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
Speed skating is a highly regarded sport that requires technical skills and an optimal physical condition; nevertheless, there is a need for a tool that complements the training of athletes in training. Thus, the use of artificial vision and Machine Learning (ML) systems is proposed. For the former, the OpenPose system is used to obtain data about the skater’s joins and keypoints; the latter, to identify and classify the type of push when skaters use the inline technique. In the research, 2 main focuses are explored. The first one consists of image classification through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), using the Visual Geometry Group (VGG)19 architecture, achieving an accuracy of 90.72 %. The second approach uses feature vectors through a biomechanical analysis with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) system and a Random Forest (RF) algorithm, obtaining an accuracy of 94 % y 92 %, respectively. Different evaluation metrics are presented, such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-score, along with a confusion matrix and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Moreover, features of the prior-mentioned approaches are discussed, for instance, the use of data augmentation to combat overfitting. Furthermore, the study includes result tables of biomechanical variables and pictures of distinctive angles during the execution of for- ward pushing techniques. Overall, the CNN and SVM exhibit promising results in the classification of data for the different types of pushes in speed skating inline technique.
Análisis de algoritmos de aprendizaje máquina aplicados a la asignación de recursos en la red de acceso para redes 5G con segmentación
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-26) Carabajo Avila, Sthefany Paola; Chimbo Vega, Michelle Giovanna; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Tello Oquendo, Luis Patricio
This degree project focuses on the study and improvement of the random access method in 5G networks, applying two approaches for the dynamic management of preambles. In this context, users request uplink resources by transmitting preambles, which are characterized by being orthogonal signatures. However, one problem that arises is the possible congestion and network collapse when multiple identical signa- tures are transmitted in a short period of time. The first method consists of the use of supervised learning by training a neural network using a set of data that contains in- formation about the preambles that have previously benefited the system during tests carried out. The neural network processes this information and generates outputs that indicate which preambles are best suited to avoid crashes and improve the probability of successful access to uplink resources. The second proposed method involves the use of reinforcement learning, which implements a policy for preamble management based on Q-learning. In this approach, a function called Q is used that evaluates ac- tions taken in specific states of the system. The system continually feeds itself back, reinforcing those choices that benefit the system’s performance and punishing those that harm it. In this way, the random access system can learn to allocate preambles more intelligently and effectively, adapting to network conditions and optimizing the utilization of available resources.
Análisis de amenazas de seguridad basado en la detección de anomalías en el tráfico de red de la infraestructura tecnológica de instituciones de educación superior mediante el uso de técnicas de machine learning
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-18) Vásquez Bravo, María José; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
Communications networks have undergone unprecedented developments, mainly due to a significant increase in data traffic. This makes the issue of the security of technological infrastructures an important point to be addressed within the scope of Higher Education Institutions. These types of institutions handle large amounts of data, which imply an increase in network traffic; therefore, the anomalies or vulnerabilities number’s have been progressively increasing. These security attacks involve threats to the confidentiality, integrity and/or availability of the data handled. However, there are tools such as ML algorithms, which allow pre-detection of such events. The present experimental work carries out the framework’s implementation that allows anomalies’ detection in the Higher Education Institutions network’s traffic applying ML techniques, specifically in the UNACH case. To do this, a collection of events corresponding to a time lapse was analyzed through the ELK stack; subjected to data’s preprocessing stages, storage and visualization for the analysis. Through the application of the K-Means algorithm, developed through Python’s Scikit-Learn library and Weka software, a total of three experiments were performed on the collected events. This allowed the detection of potential threats or anomalies, which will be presented and corroborated using dashboards developed in Kibana. Through the implementation of this framework, the clusterization algorithms’ utility was verified as an optimal tool for the anomalies’ detection within a university network. Obtaining anomalous behaviors within the network such as interference, channel overlaps, authentication of unidentified users or identification of unauthorized AP.
Análisis de factibilidad del uso de unidades de procesamiento gráfico en algoritmos de optimización meta-heurísticos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-10-16) Guiracocha Yuquilima, Manuel Mesias; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio
Currently, several real-world optimization problems have been mathematically modeled. The modeling process takes into account as much information as possible so that the model obtained is as close to reality. However, as information increases, complexity also increases. Consequently, larger computational capacity is needed to solve complex and scalable problems. Exact or mathematical optimization methods are considered exhaustive, which for multi-dimensional problems is not practical. As a result, meta-heuristic algorithms have been developed to solve complex optimization problems. These algorithms are commonly used for problems of two or more dimensions, involving vector and matrix operations. Therefore, to solve this type of problem, it is useful to carry out parallel processes that reduce the runtime. Currently, there are multi-core CPU that can easily solve small problems with parallel calculations. However, the GPU offers the potential to improve performance by incorporating a larger number of cores than the CPU, which is very useful for problems with multiple processes in parallel. A classic problem in the electrical power systems research community is the Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP). In the Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Telecommunications Engineering, in the project “Use of the AC model for multi-stage integrated planning of transmission / sub-transmission line expansion and reactive power sources in electric power systems”, It is tried to improve the performance of the TEP problem. The project seeks to reduce the calculation time by improving the meta-heuristic algorithms. In this final d egree p roject, a s a c omplement t o the aforementioned project, the feasibility of reducing the execution time was analyzed, implementing the meta-heuristic algorithms using a GPU. For which, prior to the implementation of the TEP problem, the use of the GPU in parallelizable problems and the implementation of a meta-heuristic algorithm in a two-dimensional problem were analyzed, in which favorable results have been obtained to motivate the use of the GPU
Análisis de la factibilidad de mejorar la disponibilidad del sistema SCADA durante los procesos de mantenimiento de los equipos de la micro-red de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-06) Gutiérrez Otavalo, Lourdes Verónica; Padilla Guamán, Claudia Estefanía; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Villa Ávila, Edisson Andrés
This report focuses on the challenges associated with increasing the availability of Supervi- sory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in the industrial sector, specifically in the Micro-Grid Laboratory of the University of Cuenca. This system monitors and controls various equipment through a wired Operational Technologies (OT) network. The primary problem addressed lies in the interruptions caused in the communication and control of the SCADA system during device maintenance procedures, which affects the sys- tem’s functionality. Disconnecting the power supply for maintenance results in a temporary loss of device detection and control by the SCADA, thus causing a forced system shutdown. To address this issue, three potential hypotheses are proposed. Firstly, the management of network redundancy through Weidmüller switches is explored, using protocols such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), Spanning Tree, and Turbo-Ring. Secondly, the installation of a physical bypass in the network to prevent interruptions is suggested by reconfiguring the fiber optic infrastructure. Lastly, the SCADA implementation is analyzed, focusing on the algorithm implemented in Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbech (LabVIEW) and correcting the detected flaws. Each hypothesis was validated through the research methods utilized. The implementation of the selected solutions has achieved continuity in the control and communication of the SCADA system during maintenance processes. Finally, the thesis work concluded with the fulfillment of all the objectives set and a considerable improvement in the system’s initialization time, achieved through all the experiments conducted, mainly by modifying the LabVIEW programming.
Análisis e implementación en NS3 de un modelo de propagación difusivo para comunicaciones moleculares
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-27) Calderón Calderón, José Paúl; Zúñiga Gómez, Eddy Andrés; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Tello Oquendo, Luis Patricio
In this research, analysis and implementation of a MPD for MCs are performed in NS-3. The work is based on the IEEE 1906.1-2015 standard recommendation, which seeks to create a reference framework for MCs. The standard provides a simulation module in NS-3, which contains only the general structure components of MC and their interaction. The components mentioned are Message Carrier, Motion, Field, Perturbation and Specifity. The research is focused on four aspects: Modulation, Molecules movement, Inter Symbol Interference, and Demodulation. For modulation, the Perturbation component is modified, and the CSK modulation is implemented, which releases a certain number of molecules depending on the transmitted bit. Concerning the molecules movement, the Brownian mathematical model is implemented within the motion component. Also, two types of BM are considered: simple and drifting. The former refers to a free molecular motion, and the latter refers to a motion influenced by the direction of the fluid in which it moves. On the other hand, the fundamental element in the simulation is the medium, which manages the components motion and field. Within the medium the ISI is implemented. This interference considers molecules that remain moving in the medium and arrive at the receiver out of time. Finally, for the demodulation, the receiver has been modified to use the amplitude-based molecule detection technique. This technique demodulates the information depending on the number of molecules that have arrived at a determined time. Free BM, BM with drift, free BM bounded by the medium, and BM with drift bounded by the medium are considered. In addition to the modifications made, a data collection model was implemented to analyze the results, where the movement of the molecules is captured and, if they reach the receptor, the time is recorded. As a result, the pulse train of the concentration of molecules as a function of time at the receiver is obtained. Also, the delay time, the amplitude of the number of molecules, the pulse width, and the channel capacity as a function of distance at the receiver are evaluated. Besides, the obtained results are validated with an investigation performed in N3Sim. Finally, it is corroborated that the receiver’s concentration using the MPD implemented complies with the mathematical model established by Fick’s second law
Aplicación de tecnologías inalámbricas al monitoreo climatológico en la cuenca del Río Paute
(2021) Vázquez Rodas, Andrés Marcelo; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
Characterizing artifacts in RR stress test time series
(INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC., 2016-08-16) Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Medina Molina, Ruben; Palacio Baus, Kenneth Samuel; Solano Quinde, Lizandro Damián; Wong De Balzan, Sara
Electrocardiographic stress test records have a lot of artifacts. In this paper we explore a simple method to characterize the amount of artifacts present in unprocessed RR stress test time series. Four time series classes were defined: Very good lead, Good lead, Low quality lead and Useless lead. 65 ECG, 8 lead, records of stress test series were analyzed. Firstly, RR-time series were annotated by two experts. The automatic methodology is based on dividing the RR-time series in non-overlapping windows. Each window is marked as noisy whenever it exceeds an established standard deviation threshold (SDT). Series are classified according to the percentage of windows that exceeds a given value, based upon the first manual annotation. Different SDT were explored. Results show that SDT close to 20% (as a percentage of the mean) provides the best results. The coincidence between annotators classification is 70.77% whereas, the coincidence between the second annotator and the automatic method providing the best matches is larger than 63%. Leads classified as Very good leads and Good leads could be combined to improve automatic heartbeat labeling.
CinC Challenge 2013: Comparing three algorithms to extract fetal ECG
(SPIE, 2015-11-17) Loja, J; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián; Medina Molina, Ruben; Palacio Baus, Kenneth Samuel; Velecela, E; Wong De Balzan, Sara
This paper reports a comparison between three fetal ECG (fECG) detectors developed during the CinC 2013 challenge for fECG detection. Algorithm A1 is based on Independent Component Analysis, A2 is based on fECG detection of RS Slope and A3 is based on Expectation-Weighted Estimation of Fiducial Points. The proposed methodology was validated using the annotated database available for the challenge. Each detector was characterized in terms of its performance by using measures of sensitivity, (Se), positive predictive value (P+) and delay time (td). Additionally, the database was contaminated with white noise for two SNR conditions. Decision fusion was tested considering the most common types of combination of detectors. Results show that the decision fusion of A1 and A2 improves fQRS detection, maintaining high Se and P+ even under low SNR conditions without a significant tdincrease.
Comparison of an Improved Metaheuristic and Mathematical Optimization Based Methods to Solve the Static AC TNEP Problem
(2023) Morquecho Salto, Edgar Gonzalo; Torres Contreras, Santiago Patricio; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
The complexity of current and future electricity networks demands the use of more accurate models to solve the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) problem. To deal with this issue, formulations based on AC network equations have been proposed by the research community. Although the AC formulations exist, they do not work with problems with a large number of candidate transmission paths, different planning scenarios due to convergence issues or infeasible solutions. Also, it has been difficult for the power system community to be aware of the real advantages and disadvantages of the existing approaches due to the lack of rigorous and fair comparisons among them. In this research work, a full non-convex AC formulation to solve the TNEP problem is proposed. It considers in an integrated fashion reactive power expansion, the contingency criterion and operational costs. The formulation is solved by an improved non-convex optimization algorithm in a two-stage approach. Also, a fair and rigorous quantitative and qualitative comparison among the proposed approach and other state-of-art metaheuristics and mathematical programming methods has been performed. Simulation results show that the proposed formulation and solution method are superior to other approaches with respect to reliability and suitability for cases with large search spaces and different scenarios. Results are shown for four test systems, namely the Garver 6-bus system, the IEEE 24-bus system, the IEEE 118-bus system, and a modified version of the IEEE 300-bus system. IEEE
Construcción de un ventilador manual invasivo de asistencia mecánica para respiración asistida
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-05) Carrión Portilla, Paúl Gustavo; Montalván Astudillo, David Andrés; Minchala Ávila, Luis Ismael; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
In mid-December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, China, the first cases of the infectious respiratory virus COVID-19 were reported. COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus belonging to the large CoV family (Coronavirus). The symptoms vary in intensity for each human being, from a mild clinical picture that does not require specific care, to severe symptoms that could lead to a series of serious diseases that require intensive respiratory treatment or in the worst cases, death. This situation forces the medical staff to decide if patients are suitable to access the different life support treatments according to the "severity and intensity of the resources", including the use of mechanical ventilators. However, the creation of new medical devices to alleviate this saturation is possible, which is why the construction of low-cost portable ventilators is presented as an important and feasible solution. This document shows the process followed in order to build an assisted mechanical ventilator model. The model was developed based on the research collected during the pandemic by Italian physicians and MIT. This ventilator allows patients with less severe Covid-19 symptoms to be cared for by less experienced healthcare specialists. All this helps while the rest of the resources are used in patients with severe clinical case. In the implementation, a satisfactory operation of the device was obtained in addition to having reduced costs in its construction. Compression of the manual resuscitation bag was achieved by varying the tidal volume, which is designed to vary in a range between 100 and 800 ml. Likewise, the assisted mode has greater precision for tidal volume values between 400 and 500 ml and a RR of 1.2 Brpm
Construcción e implementación de un modelo para diagnosticar el nivel de la ciberseguridad en una micro-red. Caso de Estudio: micro-red de la Universidad de Cuenca
(Univerisdad de Cuenca, 2023-05-25) Jiménez Mendieta, Daniela Dolores; Sumba Naula, Julio Andres; Astudillo Salinas, Darwin Fabián
A cyberattack on a critical infrastructure can cause a crash or interruption in its operation. The direct consequences in the environment where the impact occurs are very high, causing serious economic losses, in addition to endangering human lives or affecting the environment. A micro- grid is within this type of structure, so a cybersecurity maturity model is important for them. In the present work, the construction of a cybersecurity maturity model was made, which allows measuring the level of cybersecurity maturity in a micro-grid, this model is based on the series ISO 27000, NIST 800 and the C2M2 model. The model is made up of ten domains, which have a series of attributes with different assigned scores, and four levels of maturity indicators NIM, which have a range of scores and color indicators to establish the level of maturity in which is a micro- grid. A web application was developed, which allows the evaluation of cybersecurity using the model created through a questionnaire, allowing to establish and show the level of maturity in which a micro-grid according to the results. As a case study, the evaluation of the microgrid of the University of Cuenca was carried out. The results obtained are detailed, and based on them, recommendations were made to increase the level of maturity of the same.