Browsing by Author "Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto"

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Academy, cultural heritage and innovation in the province of Azuay, Ecuador
(Springer Netherlands, 2019) Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Jara Avila, David Francisco
In recent decades, studying the link between the institutional sector and civil community has taken on a major importance. In this context, the university has been playing an important role on identifying needs and possible solutions through its creative and innovative capacities. Based on the study of the adobe productive sector in two rural areas of the province of “Azuay” (“Sinincay and Susudel”) Ecuador, the present research analyses the territorial contributions that the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Cuenca has been generating in this artisanal sector. The current situation of the sector is described and contrasted by a model of articulation between the actors involved in order to coordinate efforts in the creation of sectorial and territorial value. Besides, this model might contribute to create competitive strategies on the production of “adobe” and to strength one of the sectors which support the cultural heritage preservation in the Andean Region.
Contexto y desafíos de la producción de adobe en la provincia del Azuay: reflexión desde la mirada experta y los casos de estudio en Susudel y Sinincay
(Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 2017) Jara Ávila, David Francisco; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth
The earth as a constructive material is one of the most fruitful historical symbols of the human being on the planet, more than 180 Cultural Heritage sites built on land are proof of said material and immaterial legacy. It is noteworthy the validity that the architecture on land follows having as a housing option in the world, this is what the United Nations maintains when establishing that at least a quarter of the world's population continues to live in land constructions, also raising the perspectives that such materiality can represent in favor of development sustainable and in contexts of high environmental vulnerability, where local resources are key elements in the prevention of natural disasters and in the generation of a territorial culture resilient Under these premises, this article seeks to reflect on the challenges and adobe opportunities that were raised in the last SIACOT 2016 by a series of experts in the subject, integrating as an area to experience this reflection in the Ecuadorian region of Azuay which presents a long history rooted in connection with the earth as constructive material, For this phase, the productive chain approach has been used as an approach to adobero sector, combined with a territorial analysis that is supported by primary bibliography and secondary, as well as in a series of qualitative methods (snowball and interviews semi-structured) and quantitative (survey) that support the practical analysis proposed. TO In addition, a territorial characterization on which the productive development of the adobe that allows to reveal from the praxis the systemic territorial links that involve such production Finally, the research highlights many of the challenges and potentialities that adobe establishes established by experts and brings new findings in the creation of productive and territorial value.
Cultural heritage maintenance campaigns as triggers of participatory processes in the city of Cuenca (Ecuador)
(Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Cantabria, 2020) Tenze Alicia, Margarita; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Jara Ávila, David Francisco; Cardoso Martínez, Fausto Adrián; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto
Cultural significance: linking actors and methods
(Springer Netherlands, 2019) García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; Tenze Alicia, Margarita
Central to the entire discipline of architectural heritage conservation is the concept of cultural significance. It refers to the collection of values associated with a cultural property which act as a guide for decision making process. However, recent evidence suggests that cultural values belong to a dynamic and complex system which changes permanently. As result of that, new values might be added to previous ones, while in other cases, irreparable losses might be triggered. Thus, preservation of architectural properties is clearly conditioned by the capacity to reveal the major range of values through the implication of a variety of actors. The case study of two traditional neighborhoods of Cuenca, Ecuador seeks to examine similarities and complementarities on cultural values identification by two different actors: academic and civil members. A holistic approach is utilised, integrating the most recent recommendations from the cultural field referred to the cultural mapping and recommendations from the Socio-praxis discipline. This study makes a major contribution to research on values-based management by proposing a methodology to link an interdisciplinary approach with an active community participation. The paper has been divided into four parts. The first part describes the conceptual framework, the second presents a brief description of the territorial context of analysis, while the third part presents the methodological process and tools utilized to identify cultural values. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings concerning to the values identified as well as to the utilized methods.
Desafíos de los procesos de producción y construcción en adobe en América Latina
(Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Arquitectura, 2016) García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Ordóñez Carpio, Santiago; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto
The adobe is considered one of the oldest and most widespread systems in the world, the same that after the failure of the paradigms of progress of the early twentieth century, linked to the technification and standardization of construction, has been the reason for important studies that reveal its potential to build innovative housing alternatives and ensure the conservation of world heritage built on land. Recognizing the link established in the conservation of intangible heritage –know how- with the conservation and innovation of architecture on land, this article aims to approach the reality facing adobe production in Latin America, its strengths and limitations, and identify strategies that could reinforce the validity of this constructive practice. After the review of secondary sources, the semi-structured interview technique applied to internationally recognized experts of the PROTERRA network was used. This information was complemented with semi-structured interviews with producers and builders of the local context: Cuenca and Susudel, as well as the application of the productive chain approach to the understanding and articulation of strategies to create value chains around adobe as a constructive element. The research reveals part of the multidimensional challenges (economic, environmental, social and cultural) that adobe production and construction processes face, in addition to the main factors that have influenced the progressive displacement of this practice.Finally some of the Common strategies to promote and strengthen this constructive practice.
Diagnosis or auto diagnosis? enhancing conservation practices of built cultural heritage. Case of study Benigno Malo, Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ( ISPRS ), 2019) García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; Tenze Alicia, Margarita; Cardoso Martínez, Fausto Adrián; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth
The acknowledgment that cultural heritage products are repositories of remarkable cultural values has brought the need for guaranteeing their intergenerational transmission. It has given the reason for the existence of conservation as a discipline. In the last two decades, important shifts have taken place regarding conservation practices. Those practices have moved from an object-centered approach, towards a values-based approach. It implies conservation does not focus solely on guaranteeing the physical permanence of a cultural product but ensuring the maximum transfer of its heritage values. Progressively, conservation is being understood more as a collective dialogue process than a technical issue. This recognition highlights the crucial role that a proper diagnosis might play to guide on this complex process. In this regard, the present work aims to reveal from the socio-economic perspective, the aspects that might influence on the conservation process based on the case of study of the Benigno Malo High school, a heritage asset located in Cuenca World Heritage City, Ecuador. In doing so, it explores the socio-economic dynamics around the cultural heritage asset itself, the territory to which it belongs, and the actors that might influence on its conservation process. But even more, it concludes reflecting around the complementarities and divergences between the notions of diagnosis and autodiagnosis and their contribution for improving current conservation practices.
Globalization and heritage at risk: theories for its governance
(CRC Press/Balkema, 2021) Herrera Montero, Luis Alberto; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; Tenze Alicia, Margarita
This paper offers a synthetic analysis of capitalism as a global system which engenders negative effects on cultural heritage. Accordingly, the first aim of the paper is to systematize a wide variety of information on heritage assets which are at risk. As a response to such jeopardizing circumstances for cultural heritage, a second goal of the paper is to suggest governance processes as valuable mechanisms for the protection, preservation and promotion of such assets. The research methodology is based on hermeneutics, an approach that enables the rigorous interpretative analysis of information regarding heritage. The text is organized in four parts: the introductory section discloses the problematic, justification and purposes of the study, and explains the conceptual approach to heritage; the second part presents the methodology that has been applied, and the third part exposes the research findings. Finally, the conclusions synthesize evidence on how capitalistic globalization clearly jeopardises cultural heritage.
La conservación preventiva del patrimonio edificado y de la sociedad constituida
(Universidad de Oriente, 2016) Cardoso Martínez, Fausto Adrián; García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto
Preventive Conservation approach emerged linked to the museums field. The analogy ‘prevent is better than cure’, derived from the medicine, has inspired conservation measures to diverse types of cultural products. Currently, it guides new tools and techniques to guarantee cultural heritage good’s protection. This approach, has been extended to the immovable cultural heritage management, as a new paradigm. It emphasizes proactive actions, rather than reactive actions, which seeks to prevent damage or at reducing them through control of environmental factors. In the southern region of Ecuador, important experiences in this field, have been developed by the vlir City´s Preservation Management project at the University of Cuenca. Considering reflections of experts such as Andrea Bruno y Nicola di Battista and, recognizing contemporary threats derived from market pressures -on which social and cultural interest are displaced by economic interest- the article analyses the efforts to preserve the cultural heritage under the Preventive Conservation approach. Using the case-of-study the Historic City Centre of Cuenca, area listed as national heritage since 1982 and world heritage site by UNESCO since 1999. The efforts analyzed, refer not only to museums, buildings and historical monuments preservation, but efforts to preserve the spirit of this Andean city, and its social values, which represent the uniqueness of Cuenca. What are the limits of applicability of Preventive Conservation approach? The present reflection, shows the wide range of advances developed in more than one decade .
La producción de pintura en tierra como recurso endógeno en la provincia del Azuay, Ecuador
(2018) Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; Ordóñez Carpio, Santiago; Salazar Silva, Indira Yajaira; Achig Balarezo, María Cecilia; Peñaherrera Palacios, Sandra Catalina; Cardoso Martínez, Fausto Adrián
En el cantón Oña, existe una considerable diversidad de pigmentos minerales, conocidos como “tierras de colores”, con los cuales se puede preparar pinturas de manera artesanal. Esta investigación presenta los resultados de la primera etapa del proyecto “Tierras de Colores” que tiene como objetivo principal contribuir al conocimiento de producción, aplicación y uso de las pinturas de tierra en el Azuay, tanto para la conservación del patrimonio como para su aplicación en arquitectura contemporánea. Para cumplir este objetivo se recogieron los testimonios de personas y constructores que utilizan la tierra en forma empírica para la preparación de pintura artesanal, rescatando materiales y técnicas tradicionales. La identificación de las tonalidades presentes en la arquitectura de Oña y Susudel, se realizó a través de prospecciones en una muestra estratégica, obteniendo una paleta de colores históricos correspondientes a muros de las edificaciones patrimoniales. La investigación propone además, un proceso de emprendimiento territorial que permita tener una incidencia directa en los sectores que históricamente han estado vinculados productivamente con el uso de la tierra y que de manera inherente permita articularse con otras actividades económicas del territorio.
Mapping economic landscapes of built cultural heritage at the historic city centre of Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Oriente, 2016) García Vélez, Gabriela Elizabeth; Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto; Sinchi Tenesaca, Edison Roman
Studies about the role of Cultural Heritage in development process has gained attention on international forums in the ultimate decades. In this context, experts from the economic field, have contributed to estimate the economic benefits of immovable heritage conservation. At international level, one of the domains long studied, is the relationship between Immovable Cultural Heritage & Tourism, reveling it can imply benefits or adverse impacts for conservation. Therefore, the need to develop or to improve monitoring tools, has been emphasized. In this regard, cultural mapping technique have contributed to identifying, recording, and classifying cultural elements in a geographical site. Moreover, linked to inventory data-bases, cultural mapping tool allows to monitor different attributes of built cultural heritage, in a systematic way. At the same time, it reveals spatial relationships with economic activities around cultural heritage properties, providing better insight into the cultural heritage performance of the site. The present article summarizes the findings of cultural mapping technique applied to reveal Economic Landscapes of built cultural heritage at the Historic City Centre of Cuenca, Ecuador. For the present analysis, two databases, were used. The first one, related to the built heritage inventory and, the second one, corresponds to cadastral information about touristic goods and services. Besides, field-work was required to confirm missing information. Thematic maps were built to assess the relationship between touristic services and built heritage environment. A base-line, has been built and, relevant findings between values, functions, state of conservation and spatial location, has been revealed.
Strategies for the management of built heritage linked to maintenance and monitoring. Case study of the San Roque neighborhood, Cuenca, Ecuador
(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017) Amaya Ruiz, Jorge Alberto
The rehabilitation of heritage sites, as well as the implementation of monitoring and control strategies is fundamental for its conservation. In the case of Cuenca, a World Heritage City, a maintenance campaign in the traditional neighborhood of San Roque was carried out in 2014. The objective was to undertake maintenance actions on roofs and façades as well as on elements at risk. The campaign process was developed keeping in mind the cycle or phases of preventive conservation: anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control (ICOMOS, 2003). At the end of the maintenance campaign an impact assessment was undertaken and monitoring tools were handed out to the community in order to strengthen the citizen participation in the preservation of built heritage. The experience of the maintenance campaign unveiled a series of lessons that have been evaluated in the present investigation, being the main objective the strengthening of the processes of governance and documentation through the formulation of strategies inherent to the maintenance of heritage buildings. In this process it is shown that the participation of citizens is a strategic factor for the sustainable development of maintenance campaigns, which allow for the preservation of historical sites for future generations.