Browsing by Author "Alvarez Guachichulca, Javier Santiago"

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Parámetros refractivos y topográficos del módulo Belin/Ambrósio en pacientes con defectos refractivos de la Clínica Latino, Cuenca 2017-2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-04-14) Alvarez Guachichulca, Javier Santiago; Rojas Álvarez, Eduardo
Background: Ectasia is an alteration of corneal curvature and thickness that can have important repercussions on visual acuity. Keratoconus is the most common type of ectasia. Objective: to describe the refractive and topographical parameters of the Belin/Ambrosio module in patients with refractive defects at the Clínica Latino, Cuenca-Ecuador, in the period 2017-2021. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. We worked with a database made up of anonymous cases of patients with refractive defects treated at the ophthalmological consultation of the Latino Clinic during the period January 2017 - June 2021. The data was collected using a form that contains the study variables. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used for data collection and analysis using frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency. Results: the sample consisted of a total of 120 patients, 61.7% were women and 38.3% were men. 70.8% were young adults. The mean pachymetry of the center of the pupil, apex, and position of least pachymetry was 521 μm, 520 μm, and 513 μm, respectively. The mean of flattest keratometry, most curved keratometry and maximum keratometry was 43.30 D, 46.32 D and 48.01 D, respectively. Conclusions: the distribution of cases according to frontal elevation and posterior elevation showed pathological values in more than 50% of the corneas studied. According to the average progression index, pathology was found in 18.8% of the cases and according to the average deviations, 25.4% presented corneal ectasia in different stages.
Refractive and Topographic Parameters of the Belin/Ambrósio Module in Patients with Refractive Defects in Cuenca, Ecuador
(2023) Rojas Alvarez, Eduardo; Alvarez Guachichulca, Javier Santiago; Chavez Espinoza, David Sebastian
Objective: This study aimed to describe the refractive and topographic parameters of the Belin/Ambrósio module in patients with refractive defects at the Latino clinic in Cuenca, Ecuador, between 2017 to 2021. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. A database included anonymous cases of patients with refractive defects treated at the ophthalmological consultation of a Latino clinic from January, 2017 to June, 2021 was searched. Data was collected using a form containing study variables. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used for data collection and analysis using frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency. Results: The sample consisted of 120 patients; 61.7% were women, and 38.3% were men. Moreover, 70.8% of patients were young adults. The pachymetry mean of the center of the pupil, apex, and position of lowest pachymetry was 521 µm, 520 µm, and 513 µm, respectively. The means of the flattest keratometry, curviest keratometry, and maximum keratometry were 43.30 D, 46.32 D, and 48.01 D, respectively. Conclusion: Cases distribution according to anterior and posterior elevation showed pathological values in more than 50% of the studied corneas. According to the average progression index, pathological elevation was found in 18.8% of the cases, and according to the average deviations, 25.4% presented corneal ectasia in different stages.
Viruela símica: una revisión narrativa de la fisiopatología
(2023) Alvarez Guachichulca, Javier Santiago
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease first identified in 1958. The virus is a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus, family Poxviridae. It infects a wide variety of mammals, but its natural reservoir is unknown. The virus in the 2022 outbreak belongs to clades IIa and IIb. The emergence of the current outbreak is likely to be due to importations from the 2017-2018 Nigerian outbreak. Person to person spread can occur through close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets and contaminated objects. Once inside the body, the virus infects mucous membranes, epithelial cells and immune cells in adjacent tissues. The virus then replicates and spreads rapidly through the blood and lymphatic system. Tcells play an important role in regulating the immune response against the virus. However, Orthopoxvirus have evolved several mechanisms for evasion of the immune response. Disease surveillance is a crucial factor in virus risk assessment and outbreak control. For this review we searched for the main articles related to the pathogenesis of the virus published to date. The article highlights the need for further studies on transmissibility and pathogenicity of the strains associated with the 2022 outbreak.