Browsing by Author "Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier"

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Milk production of grazing cows in kikuyo (pennisetum clandestinum, ex chiov) fertilized with poultry manure
(2021) Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Garzón Jarrín, Rafael Alfonso; Molina, Elsa
Background. The use of organic fertilization on grasslands is an option on the biological, economic and environmental sense. Objective. In order to evaluate the poultry manure applied as a fertilizer in Kikuyo pastures (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) with grazing cows. Methodology. An experiment was carried out on a 21.6 ha farm in Ecuador, at 2° 13' and 78° 24' South and West, 2651 masl, rainfall of 1103 mm / year). Four fertilization levels corresponding to 0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha / year, respectively, and load of 1.22 AU / ha were used. Irrigation was applied in the dry season. 21-25 Holstein cows with 526 kg of LW were used. Lactation was of 272 days. The time of occupation of a day and time of rest of 21-28 days. The concentrate offered was 0.4 kg / cow. The persistence of the pastures (%) and their yield per rotation in t ms / ha were determined. Heights and density and samples for dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (%) were estimated. Milk/cow production data were recorded. ANOVA was used. Costs of the kg of milk produced were determined. Results. The significant differences (p <0.05) were in F150, where the pasture increased up to 83% and the milk produced surpassed (p <0.05) the other treatments. Implications. The treatment with the best response for grass and milk production was considered a positive reference to be recommended for producers in the zone. Conclusions. The contribution of 150 kg of manure + 50 kg / N2 / ha as urea, influenced in a higher nutrient intake, increased pasture persistence, yield and nutritional quality, with direct effects on the dairy response and reduced costs / kg of milk.
Milk production of grazing cows in kikuyo (pennisetum clandestinum, ex chiov) fertilized with poultry manure
(2021) Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Molina, Elsa; Garzón Jarrín, Rafael Alfonso; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago
Background. The use of organic fertilization on grasslands is an option on the biological, economic and environmental sense. Objective. In order to evaluate the poultry manure applied as a fertilizer in Kikuyo pastures (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) with grazing cows. Methodology. An experiment was carried out on a 21.6 ha farm in Ecuador, at 2° 13' and 78° 24' South and West, 2651 masl, rainfall of 1103 mm / year). Four fertilization levels corresponding to 0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha / year, respectively, and load of 1.22 AU / ha were used. Irrigation was applied in the dry season. 21-25 Holstein cows with 526 kg of LW were used. Lactation was of 272 days. The time of occupation of a day and time of rest of 21-28 days. The concentrate offered was 0.4 kg / cow. The persistence of the pastures (%) and their yield per rotation in t ms / ha were determined. Heights and density and samples for dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (%) were estimated. Milk/cow production data were recorded. ANOVA was used. Costs of the kg of milk produced were determined. Results. The significant differences (p <0.05) were in F150, where the pasture increased up to 83% and the milk produced surpassed (p <0.05) the other treatments. Implications. The treatment with the best response for grass and milk production was considered a positive reference to be recommended for producers in the zone. Conclusions. The contribution of 150 kg of manure + 50 kg / N2 / ha as urea, influenced in a higher nutrient intake, increased pasture persistence, yield and nutritional quality, with direct effects on the dairy response and reduced costs / kg of milk.
Physical-productive characterization and typologies of diversified dairy systems in the highlands of Ecuador
(2020) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Arcos Álvarez, Fernando Raúl; Beltrán Romero, Cristian Fernando; Soria Parra, Manuel Elías; Bravo Álvarez, María Ximena; Machuca Machuca, Diana Angélica; Guerrero Paredes, Fabián Manuel
The objective of this work was to characterize and establish a typology of Cotopaxi cattle systems in the northern Sierra region of Ecuador. The data were collected through direct surveys of 212 farmers and reflect the main technical, economic and productive aspects of the farms. The typology was established using multivariate analytical techniques. Cluster analysis revealed four groupings. Group I, defined as Small Family Farms (GPF), Group II, as Family Farms Farms (GMF), Group III, as Technified Family Farms Farms (GMFT) and Group IV, as Very Small Family Farms (GMPF). An ANAVA was applied. The evaluation indicated important differences in the group farms, despite the fact that they are developed in the same agroclimatic environment, operate in the same markets and also have similar information. The result is a varied universe of situations with significant variations between medium and small systems. By scale and by reason of their areas dedicated to livestock and crops and their productive and efficiency results measured as income for each activity and level of expenditure.
Problemas de rentabilidad económica y eficiencia técnica en sistemas ganaderos de Ecuador
(2019) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Velasco Heras, Cristina Isabel; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Garzon Jarrin, Rafael Alfonso; Atzori, Alberto Stanislao; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
This systematic review of the literature integrates the findings of existing studies on profitability and technical efficiency (TS) in dairy farms, a classification of the previous literature that provides the basis for the synthesis. We systematically reviewed 63research studies with surveys with rigorous procedures. The revision is applied to the investigation of the published survey. The socio-economic environmental context is linked, the inputs to the system and the products with the variables that measure efficiency. There was no agreement between the authors on the context and the determinants of ET and EEs. The main determinants were the geographical location, the size of the farm, investments in veterinary care, feeding and milking practices and techniques for estimating the ET, public policies and variables related to management. The implications for milk producers and researchers close the review. A relevant characteristic that emerges from the literature is the lack of consensus regarding the measurement techniques and determinants of ET, which remains an open debate. The fact that the data was collected over a period of almost 30 years in all continents, reinforces the probability of heterogeneity between the samples and this could be a strong argument in favor of changes in the efficiency and to generate an exploratory discussion based on evidences of the studies and not fail to take into account the factors discussed here
Technical efficiency’s nonparametric analysis of Ecuadorian saving and credit cooperatives before and during the pandemic
(2022) Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Velasco Heras, Cristina Isabel; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier
Ecuador’s credit unions or COACs play a key role inside the local economy, and the pandemic period has shown the weakness of the entities. Understanding the efficiency of the country’s largest COACs and the different factors related to it can provide important information for policymakers and the sector in general. Therefore, our main goal was the evaluation of technical efficiency and the factors that influenced it during the years from 2009 to 2020 which included the pandemic period. For this, the DEA model was applied with production and intermediation focus, and this was applied to 19 COACs from the first segment of the sector. Findings reveal that the level of technical efficiency was larger in the pre-pandemic than the pandemic period. Efficient credit unions were characterized by higher profitability, low levels of liquidity and portfolio coverage, and a high rate of financial intermediation, among others, through the pre-pandemic period; however, debt restructuring was one the most important characteristics of nonefficient Credit Unions. The most important contribution of this study is the possible projection of different decisions that will allow the COACs to improve their role in the system given all the difficulties that the pandemic is causing around the world.