Browsing by Author "Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena"

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A regional response to a global problem: single use plastics regulation in the countries of the Pacific alliance
(2020) Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena; Sucozhañay Calle, Dolores Catalina; Vanegas Peña, Paúl Fernando; Moscoso Martínez, Juan Andrés
Unsustainable production and consumption patterns of single use plastics are causing worldwide negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts on land-based and marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, in Latin America, plastics governance is still fragmented across borders because of dispersed normative adoption and limited regional coordination. In this context, the instrumental level of articulation between the international principles of environmental law and the formal legal arrangements from the Pacific Alliance countries is assessed to analyze how this strategic platform can contribute to offering a regional response to the global problem of single use plastics. For this purpose, an illustrative case study of the national and subnational regulation developed by the Pacific Alliance and its members was performed. To this end, a framework analysis was conducted on the official legal documents from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. The results show extensive and scattered subnational regulation to control the consumption of plastic bags and single use plastics, with diverse policies on extended producer responsibility, educational and economic strategies to influence mainly the consumer’s behaviour. Recommendations are presented in order to improve plastics governance in the region through the legal component.
Análisis de la pobreza multidimensional con enfoque de género en recicladores de base del cantón Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-09-16) Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena; Bueno Loja, Blanca Yolanda
Current consumption and production patterns are unsustainable, and waste pickers in Latin America are key stakeholders, since they favor increasing recycling rates in a region with precarious waste management systems. Therefore, this research analyzes poverty of time and power in waste pickers based on the theory of multidimensional poverty. Recycling at the foot of the sidewalk is part of the informal sector and is carried out mainly (80%) by women in Cuenca canton. This feminized activity is traversed by structural violence, in terms of poverty and patriarchy. A qualitative study of poverty was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews with nine organized and independent women waste pickers during the first half of 2020. The results show the perceptions and feelings of women regarding the use of time and violence. The space in which recycling is carried out, whether on the streets, is violent, due to the struggle of sectors to guarantee access to the material, and at home, in which the material is classified, due to direct violence of which they are victims, their main aggressors are their partners. The poverty of time that arises from the sexual division of labor is reflected in their exclusion from the formal labor market, compared to recycling as an opportunity to care and produce. Any local policy must consider that informal recycling in the canton is a feminized activity and strategies require understanding poverty from a gender perspective.
El acceso a la justicia de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas al derecho al medio ambiente sano en Ecuador. Caso Río Blanco
(Centro de Estudios de Justicia de las Américas, 2019) Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena; Martínez Moscoso, Fernando Andrés; Bermeo Cabrera, Edgar Francisco
This study analyzes the “Rio Blanco" judicial case, in which the Ecuadorian justice granted indigenous people the access to justice in order to protect their rights (to a healthy environment), because of the violation of due process by the State, which did not develop the free, prior and informed consent , in concordance with the ILO Convention No. 169. This work indicates that despite the efforts made by the judicial system, judges still present deficiencies on their knowledge on environmental law
El marco jurídico institucional para la implementación del derecho humano al agua en el Ecuador
(2022) Martínez Moscoso, Fernando Andrés; Rivera Bravo, Daniela; Salazar Marín, Daniela; Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena
The paper describes the institutional and legal framework of the human right to water in Ecuador. The intention is to provide the qualitative basis to design a methodology to measure its implementation. It analyzes the circumstances that lead to the formal recognition of this right and the strategies required for its efficient guarantee.The research applies the Organization of American States report about implementing the human right to water in Central American countries to the Ecuadorian background and people in vulnerable conditions. Moreover, the paper uses an exegetic focus and makes a historical description of the water law protection in Ecuador. It identifies the congress people's real intention in the records of the Constituent Assembly of 2008. The study results are presented according to the variables defined by the Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safedrinking water and sanitation.The paper concludes that the normative recognition of the human right to water is developed in different Ecuadorian laws. However, the country presents institutional weakness, which negatively influences its effective implementation.
La participación de las mujeres en las Juntas Administradoras de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de la microcuenca del Machángara conforme al marco jurídico ecuatoriano en el periodo 2014 a 2018
(2019-04-02) Abril Ortiz, Adriana Lorena; Martínez Moscoso, Fernando Andrés
This research work analyzes the normative framework and national and international public policies, regarding the participation of women in community water management as an element to exercise the human right to water. In the methodology, the survey tool is used, which was applied to the users of the Drinking Water and Sanitation Administration Boards (JAAPS), located in the province of Azuay, in the south of Ecuador, belonging to the Machángara micro-basin; as well as the focus group applied to the representatives of the directives; with the purpose of determining the degree and the physical and social factors that affect the participation of women. The main results that the research found were that 100% of the JAAPS studied have a male president and 58.96% of the people do not know women who are part of the directives; however, 98.11% of respondents agreed with the establishment of a quota regulation. Despite this, it must be considered that 67.79% of women consider that there are barriers to participation. It follows that there is an influence of gender roles in the participation of men and women in community water management, which negatively affect their lives.