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Concordancia del etiquetado nutricional de productos procesados y ultraprocesados de sabor dulce de tres supermercados de la ciudad de Cuenca con el RTE INEN 022 (2R). Cuenca, 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-05) Morales Avilez, Diana Elizabeth; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Nutritional labeling is an informative tool that allows the consumer to know the nutritional characteristics present on the label of a Processed or Ultra-processed Food Product (APUP). Objective: The concordance of the content of the nutritional labeling of processed and ultra-processed sweet-tasting products from three supermarkets in the city of Cuenca with the RTE INEN 022 (2R), Cuenca, 2021 was determined. Methods: quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. A database of 1200 sweet-tasting APUP products was analyzed. The analyzes were carried out in the SPSS version 15 program, the concordance and probability of inconsistencies in the nutritional traffic light label was determined. Results: 9.8%, 11.0% and 6.2% inconsistencies were reported in the components of sugars, fats and salt (sodium) respectively. An almost perfect concordance was observed in the indicators of sugars, fats, but only in the concentrations low (0.878; 0.884) and high (0.871; 0.856) respectively and in the indicator of salt (sodium), in the concentration low (0.900) and medium (0.867). It was found that the medium concentration is more likely to present inconsistencies in relation to the low concentration. Conclusions: There are inconsistencies between the reported and expected sugar, fat and salt (sodium) indicators of the APUP. It is necessary to develop a more specific critical nutrient nutritional information system that allows the consumer to have more accurate information on the amount of free sugars, fats and salt (sodium) added to the product.
Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y su relación con el estilo de vida en estudiantes universitarios de la Ciudad de Cuenca, diciembre 2021 - marzo 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-01-06) Collahuazo Terreros, Alex Fernando; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Introduction: in low-income countries, the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has increased, in the same way, university students have an unhealthy diet and these foods are proving to be an attractive option for this population. In the long term, this can trigger health risks caused by various factors. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of ultra-processed food consumption and its relationship with lifestyle in university students in the city of Cuenca, 2021-2022. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study on a sample of 381 university students from Cuenca, with prior informed consent. The ENSANUT 2012 processed food consumption questionnaire was acquired according to the NOVA list, Ecuador. For the lifestyle of university students, the CEVJU-R questionnaire was applied. The analysis of the information was carried out in the SPSS V-21 software, for the sociodemographic variables, frequency and percentage tables were obtained, for the dependent and independent variables, association measures were taken, prevalence ratio with 95% CI and X2 with p value. < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of UPF consumption was 99.7%. The exercise and physical activity dimension was associated with gender. The dimension of leisure time with the consumption of fats, consumption of sugars and derivatives, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the dimension of the perceived emotional state with the consumption of sugars and derivatives. Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of UPF consumption in the study population and this was related to the lifestyle of university students.
Estado nutricional y su asociación con la calidad del sueño, percepción de estrés, calidad de la dieta, actividad física en estudiantes de medicina, Cuenca, 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-20) Peñaloza Piña, Lucia Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Nutritional status is linked to various health conditions. Some research has suggested its relationship to sleep quality, stress, diet, and physical exercise; these factors have not been evaluated together. Addressing this relationship could provide a more holistic understanding of health status. The study was conducted in medical students of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Objective: to analyze nutritional status and its association with sleep quality, perceived stress level, diet quality and physical activity. Methodology: a cross-sectional quantitative analytical design was used. Four questionnaires were administered: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Global Diet Index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed in the SPSS statistical program. Results: Although the analysis did not reveal a statistically significant association between these variables p-value >0.05, a high prevalence of overweight (37%), as well as poor sleep quality (70.4%), moderate (47.1%) and high levels of stress (48.6%), poor diet quality (63.2%) and low physical activity (49.3%) were found among the students. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant association between nutritional status, sleep quality, stress perception, diet quality and physical exercise; however, a high prevalence of obesity, poor sleep quality, high stress level and poor diet quality was found in medical students
Factors associated with food insecurity in older adults, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-08-03) Illescas Mogrovejo, Lucy Magali; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
The object was to determine the relationship between various factors and food insecurity, with cross-sectional analytical study of 400 older adults living in rural and urban zones in the province of Azuay in southern Ecuador. Food security was measured using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). The data was analyzed using version 15 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, and the Odds Ratio with IC 95% was used to determine statistical association. The incidence of food insecurity was higher in older adults who live in households comprised only of members above the age of 18 (43.7%), and in rural zones (65%). Food insecurity is high in older adults, especially in individuals who live in rural areas and who have low levels of education and low socioeconomic levels. It is necessary to implement public policy and preventative strategies to mitigate the risk of food insecurity in older adults.
Percepción de barreras y facilidades que perciben los dueños de bares escolares, directores de escuelas, expertos sanitarios y padres de familia para el cumplimiento del reglamento de bares escolares en la zona 6 de salud, 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-11-25) Cabrera Ledesma, María Belén; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Ecuadorian school population has increased. School bars are a determining factor in children's nutrition, which is why different organizations around the world seek strategies to control this epidemic, one of which is the implementation of regulations to obtain Healthy School Bars. General objective: • Analyze the barriers and facilities that school bar owners, school directors, health experts and parents perceive for compliance with the regulation of school bars in health zone 6, 2021. Methods: Qualitative study. Virtual interviews with: 6 owners of School Bars, 6 School Directors, 5 health experts and 7 parents, all corresponding to the different provinces of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago. Results: School Bars are characterized by offering food with low nutritional quality despite having decreased the sale of processed foods; The current problem lies in the uncontrolled preparations carried out by those in charge of the School Bar due to lack of sanctions. The study groups assure that food education is vital for the formation of good eating habits. Conclusions: he barriers and facilities that exist in relation to compliance with the School Bars Regulation were known and at the same time observations of the same to improve its application, in order to have Healthy and effective School Bars to improve the eating habits of the school population, with you aim to reduce overweight and obesity.
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y factores asociados, en adultos de 20 a 64 años residentes del cantón Gualaceo- Ecuador 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-01-28) Gualpa Cajamarca, Tránsito Maribel; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a set of alterations that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, considered a worldwide problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in adults between 20 and 64 years of age living in the canton of Gualaceo-Ecuador 2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional, analytical study, with 354 participants selected by simple randomization, pregnant and breastfeeding women were excluded. The Healthy Eating Index questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Scale (HDRS), Fagerstöm test, survey (CAGE), weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured and the criteria proposed by the joint statement FID/NHLBI/WHF/IAS/AHA 2009 were applied to determine the metabolic syndrome. The data were tabulated in SPSS v.24. Frequency, percentage, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 29.1%, 33.3% in men and 27.2% in women; however, by means of logistic regression, being a woman decreased the OR 0.034 with respect to being a man; another significant factor was marital status. No significant differences were observed for clinical variables. Conclusion: the results reveal a significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome, underlining the importance of preventive interventions aimed at these risk factors for local public health.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a malnutrición en adultos mayores del cantón Gualaceo, 2016
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) Espinosa Espinosa, Hermel Medardo; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Introduction: malnutrition in the elderly is a major concern worldwide. It is a public health problem and it is associated with a number of factors, some of them are modifiable. Objective: to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition in older adults in Gualaceo town, 2016. Methodology: an analytical cross-sectional study. Sampling was probabilistic, stratified and randomized, which assessed 250 elderly. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Data were tabulated in SPSS version 20.0. Characterization of the population was performed through descriptive statistics and central trend measures, statistical association was measured with prevalence ratio (RP), 95% confidence interval (IC) and values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed. Results: the prevalence of malnutrition was 20,4%. The average age 76,31 (± 8,19). The associated factors were: depression RP 4,90 (95% CI: 3,08 – 7,79, p< 0,000); sedentary lifestyle RP 4,52 (95% CI: 2,81 – 7,28, p <0,000); low socioeconomic level RP 4,04 (95% CI: 1,51 – 10,7, p<0,001); anemia for both men and women RP 2,43 (95% CI: 1,23 – 4,77, p<0,018) and RP 4,02 (95% CI: 2,17 – 7,63, p<0,000) respectively and hypoalbuminemia RP 2,87 (95% CI: 1,08 – 4,58, p<, 0,000). Multivariate analysis corroborated this association except for hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions: the prevalence of malnutrition was 20,4% and it is associated to: depression, sedentary lifestyle, low socioeconomic status, anemia and hypoalbuminemia
Prevalencia y percepciones de las limitaciones de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y factores asociados en adultos mayores residentes en los centros geriátricos de la zona 6 del Ecuador. 2016
(2017) Buelvas Muza, Jorge de Jesús; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
BACKGROUND: The limitations of basic activities of daily living (Basic ADLs), and their effects on health in the elderly, are a public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence and perceptions of limitations in basic activities of daily living and associated factors in older adults living in the geriatric centers of zone 6 of Ecuador 2016. Materials and Methods: A quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional and phenomenological study in 158 older adults. Katz test, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Folstein Minimental State Examination, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, and Comorbidity Index Charlson were used. Quantitative variables were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics. In the qualitative phase, two interviews and three discussion groups were carried out. The results were analyzed using the software SPSS version 15 and Atlas-ti. Results: The prevalence of functional limitation in the studied population was 54%, being higher in women. The risk factors associated were: depression (RP 1,691, CI (1,805-7,857) and osteoarthritis (RP 1,805, CI (1,760-6,630), with a p <0.0001.) Self-evaluation (RP 0.840, CI 0.125-0.473), Physical activity (RP 0.562; IC 1. 0.085-0.471), were protective factors with a p <0.0001. The perceptions in the elderly were related to the losses of the physical conditions, loved ones and socio-economic position. Conclusions: The prevalence of functional limitation in the elderly is high. The associated risk factors were depression and osteoarthritis. Older adults value their life experience, try to compensate for their suffering, and express gratitude to their caregivers
Relación del índice de masa corporal con el consumo de alimentos procesados, conocimientos sobre el etiquetado nutricional y la actividad física en adolescentes de la ciudad de Cuenca, en el periodo octubre 2021- marzo 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-13) Cárdenas Álvarez, Andrea Karina; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
Background: the last decades have been characterized by a change in eating habits on a global scale, which consists of the progressive substitution of natural or minimally processed foods, added to a sedentary life, leading to problems of obesity and overweight. Objective: to determine the relationship of the Body Mass Index (BMI) with the consumption of processed foods, knowledge about nutritional labeling and physical activity in adolescents from the city of Cuenca. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age who attend the fiscal, fiscal and private educational units of the city of Cuenca, in the period 2021-2022. Results: 50.0% of participants indicated that they always or almost always consume processed foods; 49.66% of the students surveyed have an average knowledge and 36.09% have a high level of knowledge in nutritional labeling; 56.55% of the students have a slight or sedentary level of physical activity. A higher percentage of overweight and obesity is related to a higher frequency of consumption of processed foods (p= 0.044) and less physical activity among students (p= 0.015). No relationship was found between a higher percentage of overweight and obesity with the level of knowledge of nutritional labeling (p=0.45). Conclusions: It was found that there is a relationship between BMI with the consumption of processed foods and with the level of physical activity, while no relationship was found with knowledge of nutritional labeling.
Síndrome de sobrecarga del cuidador del adulto mayor y su relación con factores asociados. Gualaceo, 2016
(2017) Beltrán Carreño, José Patricio; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza
Background: attend an older adult can be a stressor to overload the person performing this work. Overload syndrome is characterized by insidious and multisintomatic with medical, economic, family and social impact on the caregiver. Objective: to determine the prevalence of caregiver burden the elderly and factors associated syndrome. Methodology: analytical cross-sectional study, which evaluated 239 elderly caregivers, the Gualaceo parish, during the period March-June 2016. The instruments used were validated by pilot survey test retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.948, Pearson's r 0.935). The data were tabulated in the SPSS Statistics software V 20. He characterized the population using descriptive statistics and to determine association, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Ethical standards and informed consent were applied. Results: the prevalence of overload syndrome was 7.95%. The average age of caregivers was 46.19 years (± 14.08) and older adults 80.81 years (± 9.05). There was no statistically significant association between the syndrome and the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of caregivers and older adults. Factors associated with overload were: time care (p 0.002), daily hours dedicated to this activity (PR 7.70 IC95%: 2.83–20.92; p 0.000); dependence (PR 4.60 IC95%: 1.74–12.12; p 0.000) of elderly and family dysfunction (PR 4.44 IC95%: 1.69–11.62; p 0.000). Conclusion: the prevalence of the syndrome was low and was associated with the time and number of daily hours dedicated to the care, elderly dependency and family dysfunction

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