Laboratorio Clínico

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Bacterias causantes de sepsis neonatal y su perfil de susceptibilidad en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2015 - 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-03-04) Cabrera Plaza, Aracely Leslie; Cáceres Palacios, Jennifer Johanna; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal sepsis is responsible for a high percentage of the worldwide mortality rate. It’s defined as an abnormal immune response that is used to fight off a systematic invasion of microorganisms such as fungus, bacteria, and viruses that are in the bloodstream during the first 28 days of life. The symptomatology is nonspecific and the risk factors are maternal – neonatal. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the bacteria that causes neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility profile in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, 2015 - 2018. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive-retrospective study was done with universal and a sample of 1.200 infants were performed. Blood culture results and associated factors such as sex, gestational age and days of hospitalization were collected. The data was analyzed and tabulated in the SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel 2016 programs. RESULTS: Of 122 diagnoses of neonatal sepsis, 27,1% presented positive blood culture. The most affected population were women with 54,5%, preterm infants in 66,7% and the hospital stay was ≥8 days at 100%. The main causative agents were: Staphylococcus epidermidis 42,5% and Staphylococcus hominis 12,2%, both producers of betalactamases and resistant methicillin. The most pathogenic bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae 3,3%, producer of extended spectrum betalactamases and carbapenemases. CONCLUSION: Neonatal sepsis mainly affected women and preterm infants. The bacteria most affected were Staphylococcus spp. negative coagulase and were found resistance markers: BLEE, BLACT, MRS, MLSb and carbapenemases production.
Bacteriemia en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca 2019 – 2020. Cuenca 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-05) Delgado Cullquipuma, Paula Inés; Jaramillo Pizarro, Gissela Lizbeth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
INTRODUCTION: Bacteremia is known as the infection of the bloodstream caused by bacterial microorganisms. Among its causes are the colonization of devices such as venous catheters, urethral catheters, among others. Bacteremia is classified according to the place where it was acquired and the origin of the infection, the diagnosis is made through microbiological techniques such as blood culture. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of bacteremia in patients attended at the Hospital Universitario del Río, Cuenca 2019 - 2020. METHODOLOGY: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, the universe consisted of the reports of patients who underwent blood cultures at the Hospital Universitario del Río 2019 - 2020. The information was collected in the data registration form and was analyzed with the implementation of Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS version 2.2 software. RESULTS: During the period 2019 - 2020 a total of 1 530 blood cultures were recorded, cases of bacteremia represent 7.12 %, ICU was the area with the highest number of cases with 54.13 %, being the male gender more susceptible to contracting the infection with 57.79 % and the age group most affected was 61 - 75 years. The most frequent comorbidity was pneumonia with 54.13 %, obtaining Klebsiella pneumoniae as the main microorganism isolated with 21.10 % in peripheral blood cultures.
Detección del gen blaCTX-M1, subgrupo 15 en enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en cepas procedentes de la Clínica Santa Ana y Hospital del Río. Cuenca, 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-06) Arias Arias, Viviana Alexandra; Jaramillo Aguilar, Luis Alfredo; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes that block the action of beta-lactams. They are encoded by genes of plasmid origin, with the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, being the main responsible. It represents a threat to public health because it causes complications in treatments, increases costs, and increases morbidity and mortality. Objective: to identify the presence of the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, in enterobacterales bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, isolated from strains obtained from Clínica Santa Ana and Hospital del Río in Cuenca during 2024. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15. The study population comprised bacterial strains collected from Hospital del Río and Clínica Santa Ana in 2024. A purposive sample of 85 enterobacterales strains producing ESBLs was selected. These strains were confirmed through the double-disk synergy test, following the guidelines of the CLSI 30th Edition (2024, M100). The presence of the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was detected in 45.9% of the analyzed strains. Escherichia coli was the predominant carrier, accounting for 79.5% of cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae at 20.5%. Urine samples were the most representative, constituting 87% of the total isolates. Conclusions: the blaCTX-M1 gene, subgroup 15, was identified in 45.9% of the analyzed bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent species (79.5%) and urine samples representing the majority of isolates (87%).
Detección del gen blaSHV en enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en cepas procedentes de la Clínica Santa Ana y Hospital del Río, Cuenca 2024
(2025-03-06) Quichimbo Tuza, Paulina Ivanova; Vicente Padilla, Diego Sebastián; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: Infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria represent a public health challenge due to expensive alternative therapies. Therefore, detection of the blaSHV gene in these bacteria is significant to understand the molecular epidemiology, since it may provide a solid scientific basis for designing strategies to mitigate its dissemination an impact on the population. Objective: To detect the presence of the blaSHV gene in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales strains from Santa Ana Clinic and Del Rio Hospital and their subsequent phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by double-disc test for detection of the blaSHV gene, through conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results: The blaSHV gene was detected in 15 (17,60%) strains, mainly in Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (11,80%), followed by Escherichia coli 3 (3,50%), Proteus mirabilis 1 (1,20%), and Morganella morganii 1 (1,20%). Most isolates came from urine samples (17,60%). Conclusions: The blaSHV gene was responsible for 17.60% of ESBL production in the strains analyzed. 100% of them showed positive results in the double-disk test, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the main carrier of the gene (11,80%).
Determinación de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina como colonizante nasal en el personal de salud del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Maza Morocho, Doris Gabriela; Naranjo Naranjo, Lorena Lisseth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
BACKGROUND: The first outbreak of methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was recorded in the 70s in the United Kingdom, and this resistance spread throughout the world. The first outbreaks were only related to the intrahospital environments, having as carriers of this microorganism the own health personnel, in the 90s, MRSA strains acquired in the community were diagnosed. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a nasal colonizer in health professionals of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital corresponding to the period May – October 2018. METHODOLOGY: The present investigation is of analytical and transversal type, 162 health workers were analyzed, samples of nasal swab were obtained for the later determination of S. aureus. The resistance to methicillin was diagnosed through the modified Kirby - Bauer method. The results obtained were examined in the SPSS software version 15.0 for their respective tabulation and analysis. RESULTS: In the year 2018, during the period May - October, an incidence of S. aureus of 20% was obtained, of these isolations 9,4% correspond to MRSA, with the job position of general practitioners, the areas where it was isolated MRSA were the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospitalization with incidents of 3,1% and 6,3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of MRSA found in nasal carriers is considered significant since, it represents a potential risk for the spread of colonization and nosocomial infections at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso.
Genes de resistencia en bacterias productores de betalactamasa de espectro extendido en aislados clínicos del Hospital del Río, Cuenca 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-08) Abad García, Julián Andrés; Guijarro Cartuche, Kenny Carolina; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are plasmid-borne enzymes that inhibit the action of antibiotics. Among the antimicrobial resistence genes to which this resistence is attributed are blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M. The blaCTX-M. The latter it one of the most important causes of resistance in Enterobacterales. Objetivos: To characterize the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing resistance genes in clinical Enterobacterales isolates taken from the Hospital del Río, Cuenca 2023. Métodos: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe comprised the ESBL- producing Enterobacterales strains isolates at Hospital del Río in 2023. Information was collected using data registration froms and analyzed Microsoft Excel 2013 and IBM SPSS V22. Results: From January to June 2023, Enterobacterales 50 strains were isolated, in which E. coli prevailed showing 37 (80%) in urine samples, Salmonella complex represented with 1 (2 %) and Klebsiella aerogenes, 1 (2 %), also in urine samples. The gene found was blaCTX-M, which represents 14 (28%) of all of Escherichia coli, in addition, the presence of blaCTX-M + blaSHV+ blaTEM was detected, featuring 1 (2 %) in Escherichia coli and 2 (4 %) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, mainly in urine. Conclusions: The predominant gene responsible for ESBL production continues to be blaCTX-M, which in this study represents 28 % of all of Escherichia coli, while genes blaCTX-M1 + blaSHV+ blaTEM, 2 % of Escherichia coli and 4 % in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Genes de resistencia presentes en bacterias productoras de carbapenemasas en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca. 2017-2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-08-08) Bonilla Chacón, Andrea Ivana; Buestán Ortega, MónicaCarolina; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
INTRODUCTION: Genes acquire different molecular resistance mechanisms through mutations at the chromosomal level or horizontal transfer of genetic material between bacteria of the same or different species. Knowing the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and the genes involved will allow us to optimize epidemiological surveillance, control policies and antibiotic use worldwide.GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To establish the resistance genes present in carbapenemase producing bacteria in the Vicente CorralMoscoso Hospital, Cuenca. 2017-2018.METHODOLOGY: The study was descriptive, retrospective and cross sectional. The reports were analyzed based on results of positive cultures forbacteria that presented resistance to at least one carbapenem in the microbiology area of the HVCMand the resistance gene confirmed by the INSPI-RAM-CUENCA.RESULTS: Of the 100,00% of resistancegenes present in carbapenemase producing bacteria, 56,58% corresponded to the male sex because it wasthe most vulnerable to bacterial infections. The 70-79 year old age group presented 16,95% of resistance genesreports, with the purulent secretion sample being the most identified with 44,92%. The Clinic's hospital service reported 51,70% of strains, with Klebsiella pneumoniaeproducing carbapenemase type KPC prevailing in 71,18% of the total reports.CONCLUSION:The genof frequent resistance in HVCM was blaKPC, identified in male patients of the third age. The main bacterial genus/species was Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Incidencia de infección de vías urinarias en los comerciantes pertenecientes a la Organización 9 de Enero, Cuenca, 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Herrera Alvarracín, Roxana Gabriela; Ramos Ugalde, Paul Esteban; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
The urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease caused by uropathogens that colonize the periurethral mucosa. The bacteria that cause UTI often come from the digestive tract that ascends to the genito-urethral area causing the pathology. The main objective of the current research was to determine the incidence of UTI in retail traders of the Azuay who belong to the organization January 9. With regard to the methodology, is a descriptive, transversal, prospective study; we analyzed 110 retail traders, urine samples were collected for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection through elementary and microscopic examination of urine confirming with urine culture along with its susceptibility profile. The results obtained were examined in the SPSS software version 20.0 for their respective tabulation and analysis. In respect to outcomes, the incidence of UTI was 15.5% with EMO and positive urine culture, the etiological agents isolated were Escherichia coli with sensitivity of 100% against fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and resistance to quinolones with 52.94% and aminoglycosides 17.65%; Proteus vulgaris showed resistance to aminoglycosides of 5.88% and quinolones 11.76%. The sex with the highest frequency of UTI were women from 38 to 47 years of age with 35.29%. The most common symptoms associated with urinary infection were burning on urination with 29.42%, followed by pain on urination with 17.65%. To conclude, the incidence of IVU found in the retail traders of the association 9 of January in the period September 2018 - January 2019 was 15.5%, women were the predominant sex, being significant since the results obtained provide epidemiological data to the city contributing to health personnel knowing their real health status.
Perfil de susceptibilidad de enterobacterias causantes de infección del tracto urinario en gestantes que acudieron al Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2019. Cuenca 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-01) Chuqui Salto, Elizabeth Alexandra; Fernández Cambisaca, Johanna Alexandra; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a process of proliferation of microorganisms, usually bacteria that invade sterile areas of the urinary system, constitutes the second most frequent pathology developed during the gestation period, being able to trigger several complications for both the mother and the fetus. Its diagnosis is made from: Elemental and Microscopic Examination of Urine, uroculture and antibiogram. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility profile of enterobacteria that cause urinary tract infection in pregnant women who were attended at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, 2019. METHODOLOGY: The present study was descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional, the universe was made up of all the reports of urocultures carried out in pregnant who were attended at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during 2019 and the sample was propositive. The information was obtained by using the collection form which was tabulated and analyzed using MICROSOFT EXCEL 2013 and SPSS software. RESULTS: According to reports, during 2019 a total of 42 pregnant with a positive urine culture for enterobacteria were registered, being the most important: Escherichia coli 76.20% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 11.90%. Of the total isolated enterobacteria, 9.52% registered resistance mediated by enzymes such as ESBL, manifesting itself mainly in Escherichia coli with 7.14% of the reports. CONCLUSIONS: UTIS were frequent in pregnant between the ages of 19 and 25, predominantly during the third trimester of pregnancy. The most prevalenting enterobacteria was Escherichia coli and the ESBL-type resistance mechanism was found.
Prevalencia de anemia y factores asociados en menores de 5 años del centro de salud Carlos Elizalde en la ciudad de Cuenca durante el año 2019 – 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-10) Álvarez Pauta, Daniela Estefanía; Arias Guaillas, Dayanna Katherine; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: Anemia is a condition that includes a set of signs and symptoms evolved to the world population, it is classified according to nutritional deficiencies, iron deficiency anemia being the most frequent. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines severe anemia as amounts of hemoglobin (Hb) below normal levels, hematocrit, erythrocyte count, and Wintrobe constants for diagnosis. Research Objetive: Determine the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in children under 5 years of age at Carlos Elizalde Health Center in the City of Cuenca from the year 2019 to 2020. Method: The study is cross-sectional analytical that will determine the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age, collecting information from a database of the results obtained in the laboratory of Carlos Elizalde Health Center, to seek statistical association between risk factors: age, sex, residence and nutritional status, using Odds Ratio and Chi Square. Use of results: The data obtained will be used to analyze the factors associated with anemia in children under 5 years of age, allowing to reach conclusions according to the causal relationship, diagnostic methods and preventive measures that will be useful for future studies. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age treated at Carlos Elizalde health center from the year 2019 to 2020 is 15.6%, being age, BMI and residence the factors associated with the pathology.
Prevalencia de microorganismos presentes en urocultivos positivos y su perfil de susceptibilidad en pacientes que acuden al Hospital Universitario del Río. Cuenca 2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-05-12) Cabrera Gómez, Mark Maurice; Campoverde Rengifo, Jacqueline Carmelina; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
INTRODUCTION. – Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the process of colonization of microorganisms that invade the sterile areas of the genitourinary device of the patient, affects not only pediatric populations but also adults. For its identification, there are several tests: EMO, Gram staining, urine culture, and antibiogram, the Gold Standard being the urine culture accompanied by the antibiogram. GENERAL OBJECTIVE. – Determine the prevalence of microorganisms present in positive urine cultures and their susceptibility profile in patients who attend at Río University Hospital. METHODOLOGY. – A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, whose universe consisted of 1.392, and the sample was propositional. The data was collected using a collection instrument (application form). Subsequently, the results were analyzed and tabulated through the statistical software IBM SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS. – According to reports from the microbiology service during 2018, 28 % urine cultures were positive, of which the main microorganisms were: Escherichia coli 69.62 %, Enterococcus faecalis 3.03 % and within the Candida albicans 6.33 % fungi. 16.32 % of the Escherichia coli isolates were producers of extended-spectrum betalactamases and 31.75 % resistant to quinolones. 26.3 % of the positive reports corresponded to the female sex between 20 and 39 years. Concerning hospital service, a prevalence of 80 % in outpatients is evidenced. CONCLUSIONS. – Positive reports mainly affected women in 80.8 % of cases. The uropathogens most affected were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and were found resistance markers: ESBL, KPC, AMPc, MRS, and resistance to quinolones.
Prevalencia de parasitosis, en pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Básico de Paute en el periodo enero-diciembre 2018, Azuay
(2019-07-02) Guazhambo Villa, Byron Omar; Guzmán Juárez, María del Carmen; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that parasitic infections in childhood constitute a serious problem in the Americas region, affecting mainly minors, in which there is a decrease in growth, physical and cognitive development and it is associated with the malnutrition they produce. In Ecuador, there are investigations that report the incidence of intestinal parasitosis between 33.2% -96.8%, with variability between the type of parasites (protozoa and helminths). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of parasitosis in patients who were attended at the Basic Hospital of Paute in the period January-December 2018, Azuay METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study of descriptive type was conducted taking into consideration a universe of 5,000 patients with a sample of 880 coproparasitic results. The data will be obtained through a “data collection form” taken from the results records and from a digital database of the laboratory, which will be copied into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed by means of the statistical program SSPS free version 15.0, in order to look for associations between the variables. CONCLUSION: It was determined that from 409 positive cases, 70% presented monoparasitism, and the frequent parasite was Entamoeba histolytica with 61.4%. 89% were people from the rural area, 37.6% have a latrine and consume water from the aqueduct (pipeline).
Prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en muestras del laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, 2017-2018
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2020-06-04) Aucay San Martin, Germania Jessenia; Cárdenas Aucapiña, Paola Elizabeth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions that bacterial resistance is one of the greatest public health threats, this is due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics and non-compliance with the treatment time. Staphylococccus aureus is a prevalent agent at nosocomial and community level, a multipotent pathogen that causes diseases from acute and superficial to severe. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of resistant methicillin Staphylococccus aureus in the samples of the microbiology laboratory of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, year 2017 - 2018. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study, with universe and sample of all positive reports for resistant methicillin Staphylococccus aureus where reports with complete and true data were included. The use of the results obtained in this study is useful for the institution, to create control and prevention protocols. RESULTS: During 2017 and 2018, the prevalence of MRSA was 26.92 %. Men were more prevalent with 56.96 % and the age group of 25 - 64 years was 34.18 %. The pediatric service represented 27.85 % of isolates and several secretions were the most common samples where 48.10 % of MRSA was isolated. CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococccus aureus, year 2017 - 2018 presented a greater number of cases in pediatrics and the isolates were recovered mostly from secretions.
Prevalencia de tuberculosis pulmonar en pacientes del Centro de Salud n° 1 Pumapungo, 2014-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-06) Iñamagua Quito, Magaly Isabel; Santos Rivera, Johnny Xavier; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
Background: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that mainly affects the respiratory system, however it can affect any other organ and tissue; the causal agent is the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can be fatal if the patient does not receive adequate treatment for this reason it is considered a public health problem worldwide. General objective: To establish the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients of the Health Center No. 1 “Pumapungo” in Cuenca city during the period 2014-2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive, observational and retrospective in which data from the medical records of patients who underwent smear microscopy in the Clinical Laboratory service of the Health Center No. 1 “Pumapungo” between the years 2014 – 2019, the data obtained in the collection instrument was analyzed and tabulated with SPSS 2.2 to get the total prevalence, later the information was associated according to the established variables. Results: According to the data obtained, there was a total of 1241 cases of respiratory symptoms during the years 2014 - 2019, of which 25 (2%) were positive for pulmonary tuberculosis, of which the male gender was predominant with 56% (14 reports) in relation to the female gender corresponding to 44% (11 reports), with a greater number of cases in the age group between 21 to 30 years with 56% (14 reports) considered as young adults. In addition, there were cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the first sputum sample, representing 56%, and in samples with a mucopurulent appearance, corresponding to 72%.
Resistencias bacterianas en muestras de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Seguridad Social José Carrasco Arteaga, enero - diciembre 2016
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Díaz Minchala, Carla Priscila; Vásquez Ojeda, Katerine Elizabeth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
BACKGROUND: Bacterial resistance is a global health problem due to the emergence of new bacterial mechanisms, causing an epidemiological alert due to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics, which is a therapeutic challenge. Through INSPI, Ecuador monitors bacterial resistance genotypically in unusual bacteria, incorporating 21 hospitals in the country, studies have allowed to generate alerts against epidemiological outbreaks in order to prevent the spread of infections. (1) GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To know the bacterial resistance in samples of patients hospitalized in the José Carrasco Arteaga Social Security Institute, January - December 2016. METHODOLOGY: The present study is of a descriptive and retrospective type, which is constituted by a universe of 2095 microbiological cultures, of which 1094 presented sensitivity and 1001 developed mechanisms of bacterial resistance, for the analysis of the data emitted by the microbiology area. In the period January - December 2016, programs such as SPSS v15 and Microsoft Excel were used. RESULTS: In 2016, 1001 bacteria with resistance mechanisms were isolated, the most frequent were: Staphylococcus coagulase negative with 374 and Escherichia coli with 287 isolates in all the hospital areas, the most frequent resistances were MRS 37.9%, BLEEs 36.7% BLACT with 11.9% and HLSR, HLGR 4.2% present in urine, secretion and blood predominating in the male sex in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus coagulase negative and Escherichia coli were the most isolated bacteria, with MRS and ESBLs being frequent in urine, blood and secretions samples with prevalence in males in 2016
Resistencias bacterianas en muestras de pacientes hospitalizados por servicios del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso enero-diciembre 2015- 2016
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) Valdiviezo Verdugo, Danny Javier; Vallejo Vallejo, Román Alejandro; Sempértegui Coronel, Sandra Mariana; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
BACKGROUND: The excessive use of antibiotics has induced the outbreak of multiresistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemasas and beta-lactamases of extended spectrum, according to the Ministry of Health of Ecuador in 2014 there were a total of 2,806 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae of which 1,771 were BLEEs and 716 carbapenemasa. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of the main isolated bacteria and the resistance that they present in samples of cultures of hospitalized patients by Hospital service Vicente Corral Moscoso January 2015 December 2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out, the universe was composed of 3,929 reports of positive microbiological cultures and the sample of 2,223 isolates with some mechanism of resistance. In order to obtain results, the Epicenter system plus the data collection card were used and for the data tabulation the software SPSS V15 and Microsoft Excel were used. RESULTS: In 2015 the most isolated bacterium was K. pneumoniae with 327 cultures; in surgery on bone samples, ESBL production was found in 12 cultures (17.6%) and carbapenemasas in 7 cultures (24.1%); the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 600 samples; in 2016 the bacterium with the highest number of isolates was SCN with 328 cultures; in surgery the bone samples presented 6 cultures (7.7%) with ESBL production and 4 cultures (14.8%) of carbapenemase; the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 566 samples. CONCLUSIONS: The bacterial incidence during the years 2015 and 2016 was K. pneumoniae, E. coli, SCN, S. aureus and E. cloacae; the sample with the largest number of isolates was secretions and the most frequent mechanism found was methicillin resistance followed by the production of carbapenemases

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