Facultad de Odontología

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Análisis Comparativo de las mallas digitales entre dos tipos de sistemas de escaneado y sus sistemas operativos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-04-29) Moreno Gálvez, Marcela Doménica; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Análisis de peso estructural de resina de impresión Onx SprintRay para prótesis fija plural
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-03) Lupú Flores, Billy Darlin; Pacurucu Mendieta, Miguel David; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
El objetivo del presente estudio es proveer evidencia científica sobre el análisis del peso estructural de una prótesis fija plural de un material polimérico obtenida por técnica aditiva (3DPP), con la finalidad de ofrecer una alternativa viable para el tratamiento de prótesis fija plural e implantes dentales. Métodos. Se trabajó a partir de una estructura de resina impresa 3D de 4 piezas dentales que van desde las piezas 2.3 a 2.6, dicha estructura se sometió a fuerzas compresivas que simularon el sistema masticatorio del ser humano por medio de un equipo de ensayo universal, se realizó un análisis de elementos finitos 3D, para determinar la deformidad del material. Resultados. La masa de la estructura fue de 1,98 gr, en los ensayos de fuerzas compresivas soportó una carga de 1000,88 N, su distribución de tensión fue de 16,726 MPa; mientras que su fuerza tensional fue 143,916 MPa. En el análisis de elementos finitos de la estructura 3DPP realizado en el software Ansys, se observó una deformación con un valor de 0,001mm, y distribución de tensión del material de 15,36 MPa. En valores de estrés se registró un valor mínimo de 2533,4 MPa y un de máximo 12667 MPa. Conclusiones. Se determinó el peso estructural del material 3DPP, aportando información importante para tomar en consideración en la utilización de PPF, comprobando así la funcionalidad y desempeño de la misma.
Análisis descriptivo de la resistencia a la fractura de un material CAD/CAM polimérico para prótesis fija plural temporal
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-10-05) Bravo Lozano, Ariana Lucía; Bernal Merchán, Bryam Andrés; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Introduction: A provisional prosthesis is used in prosthodontics to improve esthetics, determination and/or function for a limited period. SprintRay OnX is a polymeric material, it is a 3D printing resin composed of class II hybrid nanoceramic particles, designed for the manufacture of provisional dental prostheses. Objective: Describe the fracture toughness property of a SprintRay ONX polymeric material. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 5 provisional restorations made with 3D printing polymeric material (SprintRayOnX) for three-unit fixed dental prostheses. A metallic die was used and a digital impression of the prefabricated model was made using an intraoral scanner. For the fracture resistance test, the master typodont was fixed on the platform of the universal testing machine. Fracture testing was performed using the occlusally applied load compression mode on the pontic surface. Data from the study group were collected for statistical analysis, which was performed using a statistical program (SPSS v.25, IBM). Results: The arithmetic mean was 86.1194 N and the median was 82.2162 N. The maximum and minimum values were 114.6760 N and 73.1341 N respectively, with a range of variation of 41.5419 N. The variance was 223.674 N and the standard deviation of 14.9557317 N. Conclusion: For the polymeric CAD/CAM material (SprintRay ONX), an average value of 86.1 Newtons was reported in terms of its fracture resistance, an average of 82.2162 Newtons.
Análisis digital de preparaciones para prótesis fija unitaria
(2018) Castro Espinoza, Michelle Alexandra; Torres Jaramillo, María Camila; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
The skills acquired by a student to perform dental preparation are very important for a good prognosis of prosthodontic treatment. Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, methods of digital analysis have emerged to evaluate dental preparations objectively. OBJECTIVE: Objectively analyze dental preparations for single dental crowns by using a digital software called Prepcheck®. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 dental preparations for single dental crowns were evaluated. Ivorina models were used and the preparations were made by students of the sixth semester of the Faculty of Dentistry of Universidad de Cuenca. The sample size was obtained based on the central limit theorem. The principles of total occlusal convergence, axial reduction, occlusal reduction, continuity of preparation margin, surface texture and insertion axis were evaluated by using Prepcheck® software. RESULTS: Total occlusal convergence and axial reduction predominated within the tolerance range (10 ° - 20 °, 1-1.5 mm respectively). An insufficient occlusal reduction was found in most preparations. There was a continuous margin at the level of the vestibular and lingual faces. All the preparations presented a smooth surface texture. Twenty-two preparations presented an adequate insertion axis. CONCLUSION: Total occlusal convergence, axial reduction and surface texture prevailed within the range established as acceptable. There was a low occlusal reduction. The continuity of the margin remained in the vestibular and lingual faces. The insertion axis of most preparations was adequate.
Anthropometry of the Upper Central Incisor: A Review of the Literature
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-19) Molleturo Bermeo, Guisela Katalina; Viñan Romero, Tommy German; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
The esthetic dimensions and proportions of the upper central incisors (UCI) are fundamental in dental and facial esthetics due to their prominence in the smile. This literature review aimed to establish the ideal width/length ratios of the UCIs. Nineteen relevant studies were identified after a search of 3 databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Springer. Results: Mean width/length ratios ranged from 80-85% in various populations. It has been corroborated that UCI dimensions present a significant difference between genders, with men showing larger dimensions in both width and height than women. The overall mean for males was 8.63 mm in width and 10.17 mm in length, while for females it was 8.32 mm and 9.36 mm, respectively. Conclusions: It is crucial to adapt dental treatments to individual patient characteristics to achieve functional and esthetic results. Factors such as gender, ethnicity and dental wear influence the dimensions and proportions, underlining the importance of individualizing dental treatments to optimize esthetic and functional results.
Comparative analysis of the fracture resistance of a polymeric material for 3D printing and a milled polymethylmethacrylate material as interim material for fixed partial dentures: new material updated
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-12-12) Córdova Díaz, Johanna Mireya; Merchán Cabrera, Andrea Isabel; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of a temporary three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) made of a new polymeric material obtained by an additive technique (3DPP) using a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system, comparing the prosthesis to the respective outcomes of temporary polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) FDPs obtained by a subtractive technique (milling). Methods: Three-unit FDPs were 3D printed using a polymeric material (n = 20) or milled using polymethylmethacrylate (n = 20). After thermocycling at 5000 cycles at extreme temperatures of 5 ◦C and 55 ◦C in distilled water, each specimen was subjected to a compression test on a universal testing machine at a rate of 0.5 mm/min until failure occurred, recording the value in newtons (N). Results: There were statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.005) between the PMMA material (2104.7 N; SD = 178.97 N) and 3DPP (1000.8 N; SD = 196.4 N). Conclusions: The fracture resistance of the PDFs manufactured from milled PMMA showed higher values for fracture resistance. However, the resistance of the 3DPP showed acceptable values under mechanical load; this notable advance in the resistance of printed materials consolidates them as an important alternative to use in interim indirect restorations.
Digitalización aplicada en prótesis dental: revisión sistemática de la literatura”
(2019-05-10) Valdiviezo Zhunio, Claudia Pamela; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
CAD / CAM systems is the acronym of computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing, whose translation into Spanish means computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing, was introduced in dentistry with the aim of automating production and standardizing the quality of dental restorations; Intraoral scanners began to be used in the field of prosthodontics in the early 1980s through the concept of intraoral digital impressions. This got the integral attention of the dentists and has been used for the manufacture of dental prostheses in several cases. It is expected that the use of these scanners in the digital printing technique will generate an absolute digitalization in prosthodontics. Furthermore, some published articles have indicated that dental prostheses made from intraoral digital impressions have shown remarkable advantages over conventional impressions in several aspects. Methodology: This systematic review used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis) guide to ensure the quality of the information included. To do this, the checklist of items included in said guide was handled. The PICO system was also used. Conclusions: the optical impressions reduce the patient's discomfort; they are efficient over time and simplify clinical procedures, allow better communication with the dental technician and with patients; however, with IOS, it can be difficult to detect deep margin lines on prepared teeth or in case of gingival bleeding.
Flujos digitales en beneficio de una atención integral y complementaria del paciente con necesidades estéticas y funcionales
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-04-01) Palacio Sarmiento, Stefany Carolina; Villacis Manosalvas, Jeniffer Adriana; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Introduction: The digital workflow is defined as a sequence of processes composed of computerized aids that involve: the acquisition of images, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided machining (CAM) and post-production of the achieved result. Digital technology in Dentistry, although it is largely associated with CAD/CAM systems, Digital technology in Dentistry, although it is largely associated with CAD/CAM systems, it also involves various devices that today are of daily use in the dental office and that facilitate the virtualization of the patient. Objective: to conceptualize the treatment sequence based on diagnosis, planning, execution and maintenance and its complementation with other procedures, all digitally guided, with positive effects on a patient's oral rehabilitation. Clinical case: 59-year-old male patient, with incisal edge wear, chromatic, aesthetic and functional alterations (absence of anterior guidance) of the upper anterior tooth group from canine to canine, with upper right lateral crown fracture, insufficient crown-root ratio and filling endodontic defect. Guided extraction of piece 1.2 and implant placement were performed, then dental preparations were made from canine to upper canine with chamfer. Esthetic partial restorations in polychromatic feldspathic ceramics were digitally designed. The dental implant was restored with a lithium disilicate feldspathic ceramic milled abutment and a feldspathic ceramic crown was placed. Finally, a precision splint was made and a control was performed at 14 months.
Fracture resistance analysis of CAD/CAM interim fixed prosthodontic materials: pmma, graphene, acetal resin and polysulfone
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-12-11) Calle Barros, Marcia Carolina; Abril Ochoa, Diana Gabriela; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of temporary restorations made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), graphene-modified PMMA (GRA), acetal resin (AR) and polysulfone (PS) obtained by a subtractive technique (milling) using a computer- aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system of a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). Meth- ods: Four groups of ten samples were fabricated for each material. Each specimen was characterized by a compression test on a universal testing machine, all specimens were loaded to fracture and the value in Newtons (N) was recorded by software connected to the testing machine. The fracture mode was evaluated on all samples using a stereomicroscope. Results: There were statistically significant differences (p value < 0.005) between PMMA and the other three materials (PMMA: 1302.71 N; GRA:1990.02 N; RA: 1796.20 N; PS: 2234.97). PMMA presented a significantly lower value than the other materials, and PS showed the highest value. GRA and RA presented a similar range of values but they were still higher than those of PMMA. Conclusions: GRA, RA and PS are presented as valid options within the range of interim milled restorative materials and as alternatives to PMMA.
Lesiones Cervicales No Cariosas: Revisión sistemática de la literatura
(2019-06-07) Torres Robles, Allysson Abigail; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Non - carious cervical lesions (LCNC) are very frequent in clinical practice, referring to the loss of hard tissue located in the amelo - cemental limit; Its etiology is multifactorial, intervening factors such as: alteration in dental occlusion, chemical agents, mechanical forces not appropriate, among others. It is presented in varied morphology, with sensitivity or without it, the dental pulp reaching a compromise. Hunter classifies the LCNC in: abrasion, erosion, attrition and abfraction, as a cause of confusion to date because of its origin and location. The scientific evidence gives us different contributions of these injuries that are known in the development of this research. Methodology: a review of the available literature was carried out using the PubMed and Cochrane database in our studies in English and Spanish reported from 2014 to 2019; POOL (Preferred report elements of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes) ensuring the quality of the information. Conclusion: LCNC present varied etiology, requires the interaction of several factors for its development. It was observed more frequently in adult patients (80%) whose prevalence increases with age. According to the morphology, the LCNC presents a wedge and saucer shape on the vestibular surfaces of the maxillary teeth. Taking into account all these points, the professional dentist must have knowledge of each of these injuries to make a correct diagnosis and apply the appropriate treatment to each of them.
Materiales y sistemas cerámicos actuales utilizados en próstesis fija: revisión sistemática de la literatura
(2013) Delgado Gaete, Bolívar Andrés; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Objective: This Project aims to conduct a systematic review of the current literature covering the ceramic materials and systems used in fixed prostheses with respect to survival, material properties, marginal and internal fit to offer recommendations and clinical guidelines for use based on scientific evidence. Method and materials. A comprehensive literature review was completed between October 2012 to December 2012 with research that provided evidence regarding treatment of teeth with ceramic materials and systems. The search was performed using digital databases MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane; articles in English with a focus on evidence published between 2000 and 2012 were included. Search filters were used to limit the review, literature reviews and randomized controlled studies were included in this systematic review. All data to support or criticize the clinical application of ceramic materials and systems in terms of their survival, material properties, and marginal fit were investigated. Based on the results of this research, a guide of clinical recommendation was elaborated for the selection and application of current ceramic materials
Preparaciones dentarias en prótesis fija dentosoportada: revisión sistemática
(2013) Gil Pozo, Jenny Alexandra; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
The principles of tooth preparation are commonly as: biological, biomechanical an aesthetic. Biological factors are influencing the health of periodontal tissues and pulp, the biomechanical (or technical) will affect the integrity and durability of the restorations, and aesthetic factors are related to the natural appearance of the restorations. These principles are routinely modified to suit various clinical situations. Proper tooth preparation intended to prosthodontics treatment should allow successful reproduction of anatomical contours and emergence profiles. Besides providing an appropiate thickness for each type of structure, without exceeding the limitations of each material as well as maintain the biological integrity of the related tissues
Protocolo de tratamiento con técnica de preparación biológicamente orientada (BOPT) en prótesis fija: un reporte de caso
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-12) Piedra Arpi, Tania Beatriz; Capelo Jiménez, Jamileth Alejandra; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
In the medium and long term, teeth rehabilitated with full overlay fixed prostheses could present complications in the transition zone between the restoration, the preparation and the periodontal tissues, such as the formation of gingival pockets or exacerbation of existing ones, gingival recession, inflammation and biofilm accumulation when the restorations invade the supracrestal tissues. The purpose of this clinical case report with the BOPT concept is to show the evolution of a case rehabilitated with this protocol. This study describes the clinical case female patient with poorly adapted metal-ceramic crowns, gingival inflammation, biofilm accumulation and gingival recession associated with teeth 1.1 and 2.1; with loss of tooth substance in teeth 1.2 and 2.2 that compromised the patient's esthetics. The treatment plan involved performing the BOPT protocol. After 8 weeks, after the periodontal tissues had healed with the generation of new supracrestal tissue when in contact with the new adaptation profile of the provisional prostheses. Afterwards, the laboratory phase was carried out following the established protocol and finally the definitive restorations were cemented. After one year of follow-up, it was observed that the crowns adapted adequately to the periodontal tissues and without complications. In conclusion, the BOPT protocol is feasible to achieve that the transition zone between the prosthesis and the periodontal tissues remain stable, healthy and, as a whole, a predictable esthetic harmony is obtained.
Recovery of fractured abutment screws within a dental implant: an accessible technique
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-13) Alajo Hinojosa, Paul Antony; Mendez Alvarez, Paul Santiago; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Dental implants are commonly used to replace missing teeth, however concerns associated with implant and prosthetic components are well-established. Fractures of the screws supporting the implant abutment can generate complicated clinical situations. The aim of this article is to present an accessible and minimally invasive protocol to recover fractured implant abutment screws. This study presents a non-invasive, easy-to-perform technique that uses a hand-held instrument (ear cleaning cotton swab) without the risk of damage the threads and external characteristics of the implant. The cotton swab adheres micromechanically to the fractured fragment of the screw, facilitating gentle extraction by hand without causing damage to the implant threads.
Restauraciones con amalgamas adhesivas
(1999) Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo; Abril Idrovo, Servio Orlando; Vázquez Cordero, Oswaldo
Restauraciones provisionales en prótesis fija: revisión sistemática
(2013) Astudillo Rubio, Daniela Andrea; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
A systematic review of the literature was conducted through a search in digital databases on updates about the different materials used in the manufacture of provisional restorations. The comprehensive review of the literature was conducted in the period from March 2012 to March 2013, to provide contemporary scientific guidance on the subject. Reference publications were used as scientific articles, clinical and in vitro studies were found to carry out searches in Medline and Cochrane, articles published from 1970 to the present. The articles included in this review, involving topics on mechanical properties, marginal adaptation, gingival and pulpal response and color stability of different materials used in the interim treatment, which shall guide the clinical selection and processing techniques. Specific names of products and manufacturers are included in this report only when the original publications cited in the reference
Sistemas adhesivos utilizados en la cementación de restauraciones indirectas: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
(2019-04-04) Naranjo Yépez, Maríx Belén; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the adhesive systems, used in the cementation of indirect restorations based on the available scientific evidence, based on the bonding strength of these to the dental tissues. Materials and methods: A literature review was made available in two digital databases, Pubmed and Cochrane, where relevant studies dealing with adhesive systems were identified, associated with clinical behavior and strength of attachment to dental tissues. The search included articles in English, carried out in vitro, published between 2012 and 2018. This systematic review used the PRISMA, guide to ensure the quality of the information included. For this, the checklist of items included in said guide was handled. The PICO System, was also included. Results: Finally, 12 articles were selected, studies with different designs and the lack of standardization of samples and protocols was a common denominator. However, it could be determined that there was greater bond strength in the three-step adhesive systems and self-etching systems + a previous selective etching. It was not possible to perform a summation of the adhesion strength since the studies were not performed with standardized samples, both in the size of the sample and in the materials used to obtain the results. Conclusions: The heterogeneity of the studies made it difficult to establish a consensus on the best conditions of application of the adhesive systems, however, most of the studies to assess the bond strength use microtensile traction techniques and shear strength. It was determined that the three-step systems achieve the highest values of adhesion strength independently of the evaluation method used and the clinical use. These systems form a true hybrid layer with the substrate, while the simplified systems reach lower bonding values, and form superficial hybrid layers, more prone to degradation
Validación de la distancia entre el cénit del margen gingival del canino superior y el cénit del margen gingival del canino inferior ipsilateral como método para determinar la dimensión vertical oclusal en estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca durante el periodo septiembre 2024 - agosto 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-09-18) Portocarrero Miranda, Mariam Gabriela; Malla Bernal, Kelly Tatiana; Abad Coronel, Cristian Gustavo
Background: The occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is a fundamental parameter in the diagnosis and treatment planning for prosthetic restorations. The scientific literature presents several methods for determining this dimension; however, there is no consensus on a universally accepted procedure. Factors such as differences in biotypes and phenotypic characteristics of patients in certain populations may influence variations in the measurements obtained. Objective: Determine the validity of the distance between the zenith of the gingival margin of the upper canine and the zenith of the gingival margin of the ipsilateral lower canine as a method to establish the occlusal vertical dimension in individuals belonging to a particular population. Methods: A total of 210 students with healthy and complete dentition belonging to an Ecuadorian population were evaluated. The DVO was recorded by measuring the distance from the zenith of the gingival margin of the upper canine to the zenith of the gingival margin of the ipsilateral lower canine. Results: The total mean of the biometric measurements yielded a value of 16.8 mm, and the variations between the left and right sides of the same patient were, on average, less than 1 mm, slightly lower than reported, both measurements being clinically non-significant. The mean of the dimension evaluated was slightly higher for men (1.15 mm) in relation to women. Conclusion: The method used in this study could be recommended as a valid reference to determine and evaluate the DVO in patients with normal occlusion to diagnose and plan future comprehensive restorative treatments.

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