Programa de enseñanza de los fundamentos técnicos en la iniciación del arquero de fútbol

Abstract

The present research study focuses on the implementation of a teaching program of technical fundaments based on a playful method for soccer goalkeepers among Foundation and Participation Football Stages (age from 8 to 10). The participants were from the “JC” Soccer Academy located in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. The study arose from the need to counteract the forms of teaching used in academies, the same ones that are based on empirical knowledge and practices of activities whit similarities to the competition. Therefore, the child generates errors in the execution of the goalkeeper ́s technical gestures. In this point, the implemented program is distinguished by its foundations based on technical and pedagogical principles with a playful method. As teaching methodologies used in the academies, they are based empire method. On the other hand, the competition causes the child to incorrectly performs the technical skills. The playful method involved differentiates this plan from those applied in the rest of the academies. The methodology section used quantitative and based on the creation of a teaching program for used in 4 weeks; moreover, different activate exercises were designed for each day of the weeks. As a previous and post-evaluation instrument, a checklist was used, it evaluated the specific goalkeeper’s technical skills: body position, command voice, retention, clearance, direction, and positioning of defenders; those technical skills were assessed based on a four criteria scale: Insufficient, Regular, Good and Excellent. In addition, the Wilcoxon test was applied to evaluate the readability of the teaching program, determining that the p value is less than 0.05, being an effective teaching program with a confidence level of 95% and with 100% valid data. As a result, it was obtained that the children showed gradual differences in the seven items evaluated. It was concluded that using a teaching program based on a playful method for goalkeepers during the foundation-participation stage in soccer had a positive impact to improve the execution of the goalkeeper’s technical skills.