Factores de riesgo asociados a la permanencia de accesos vasculares venosos en los recién nacidos ingresados en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2013

Abstract

Objective: This research intends to identify the risk factors associated to the permanence of venous vascular accesses in the newly born that have entered the service of Neonatology in the city of Cuenca

Material and Methods: It is a descriptive study that allowed us to determine the criteria for the placement and removal of the venous vascular accesses according to their function, place of collocation, and type of access. The universe was constituted by 700 newly born who were registered in neonatology in the year 2012. The sample framework corresponds to 79 newly born who were introduced venous vascular accesses in the months of March, April, and May of the year 2013. The techniques used were the interview and direct and indirect observation, and the instrument utilized was a previously made form which was applied by the author. The computer programs, SPSS, version 21, Excel, and Word were used for the data analysis and the presentation of results. The results are shown in 2 x 2 tables.

Results: The risk factors associated to the permanence of the venous vascular accesses are the following. The 81% of newly born entered the area before their 24 hours of life. The 32% of newly born showed retardation in intrauterine growth. One hundred venous vascular accesses were installed, of which, 74% were peripheral, 12% were percutaneous, 5% were central, and 9% umbilical. 63% venous vascular accesses were introduced in premature newly born with low weight (<2500 gr.). The most frequently place of insertion was the cephalic vein of the arm with the 23%. The removal responded to the following; the 26% to the end of treatment and the 17% to edema in the place of insertion.

Conclusion: From this research, it is concluded that the nursing personnel do not adequately perform the insertion and maintenance techniques of the venous vascular accesses nor the disinfection or sterilization, especially in the peripheral venous accesses, for which reason, complications were observed.

KEYWORDS: PREMATURE, VENOUS VASCULAR ACCESS, OMPLICATIONS, REMOVAL REASONS, DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION OF PROCEDURES