Esquemas farmacológicos en dolor postoperatorio utilizados en el Manejo Analgésico en los Pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía de la Clínica de Especialidades Médicas Latinoamericana durante el periodo enero-junio de 2021

Abstract

Pain, considered one of the most important symptoms in medical care, especially in surgery, should be controlled by means of appropriate pharmacological schemes. The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacological schemes used for postoperative pain management and to evaluate their analgesic effectiveness in patients attended in the Surgery Service of the Clínica de Especialidades Médicas Latinoamericana during the period January-June 2021. Descriptive, retrospective and observational study. The data were collected from the hospital system into a specific matrix for the research created in Microsoft Excel and exported to the SPSS version 27 statistical package to perform the analysis. A total of 378 patients were included: 116 were from general surgery, 69 from orthopedics and traumatology and 193 from otorhinolaryngology. Analgesic-antipyretic drugs (paracetamol, metamizole) were administered to 68.5%, NSAIDs to 52.6% and opioids to 19.5%. The pharmacological schemes were established by surgical procedure; within general surgery: cholecystectomy, herniorrhaphy and gastrectomy; orthopedic and traumatologic surgery: arthroscopy, arthroplasty, laminectomy, and rotator cuff repair; otorhinolaryngology: rhinoplasty and tonsillectomy. The effectiveness of postoperative pharmacological analgesia was based on the measurement of pain intensity using the verbal descriptive scale or verbal analogue pain scale (EVERA), where 61.9% were pain free. Otorhinolaryngology was the type of surgery with the least pain with 74.1%, followed by general surgery with 51.7% and finally orthopedics and traumatology with 44.9%. The possible adverse reactions with predominance were: nausea and headache. In conclusion, the study revealed variability in the pharmacological regimens, with a predominance of monotherapy. NSAIDs and analgesics-antipyretics were the most used drugs. A positive effectiveness index was revealed in 61.9% of the patients, with the pharmacological scheme used in otorhinolaryngology being the most effective.