Prevalencia de hipoacusia según audiometría tonal liminal en pacientes que acudieron al área de Audiología del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues, Enero-Diciembre del 2021

Abstract

Background: hearing loss is due to multiple etiologies, its prevalence is not determined in our environment and is not only consider a public health problem, but also affects human beings in the emotional, social, cognitive and physical spheres, therefore, its early audiological diagnosis would improve the quality of life of users; Official figures have been considered, such as the WHO, which reports that by the year 2050, it is expected that almost 2,500,000,000 people will have some degree of hearing loss and at least 700 million will require rehabilitation. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss according to liminal tone audiometry in patients who attended the Audiology area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues, period January-December 2021. Methodology: The descriptive - retrospective method was applied and the quantitative variables were analyzed with central tendency statistics (mean, median and mode) and the results are presented through tables, prepared in the SPSS software version 2022. Results: Men with (56.5%) have a higher prevalence of hearing loss, and the distribution by age showed a higher incidence in older adults (36.9%). Participants were mainly from urban areas (67.1%). Professionally, the majority were employees (51.5%). Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was more common (7.2%) than unilateral hearing loss (1.7%). Conductive hearing loss affected 7.6%, while mixed hearing loss affected 38.8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the period January-December 2021 is 58.6%.