Modelos de variables latentes en patrones de alimentación y actividad física en niños/adolescentes: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction. Due to the limited evidence on the modeling of eating and physical activity (PA) patterns based on latent variables, the present review study aims to describe the statistical techniques applied to model these patterns in children and adolescents and to assess their methodological quality. Materials and methods. The search was performed in electronic databases (Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science and Cochrane) with the words ‘diet’, ‘physical activity’, children and ‘latent variable’. We included articles that used statistical models based on latent variables to analyze diet and PA patterns in healthy children and adolescents, published between 2014-2019, in English or Spanish. Results. Among the 27 selected articles, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) was the most used (77.78%); followed by the Latent Profile Model (7.41%), while, the remaining 14.81% applied the Common Factor Model, Ecological Model and Multilevel Logistic Regression Model. The SEM was applied to 12 of the 16 articles with PA approach, and in 7 of the 9 articles with eating approach. The 48.15% of studies did justify the use of the model, and 37.04% were classified as “Excellent” quality (meet 85% or more of the STROBE items). Conclusions. The SEM was the most commonly used to model the PA and eating patterns in children and adolescents, however, only half of the articles justify their relevance. Study reporting guidelines should evaluate the methodological quality of the statistical models applied.