Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo en mujeres de 30 a 40 años atendidas en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga período 2020

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is a condition caused by an alteration in the thyroid gland, which affects the production of hormones necessary for the proper functioning of the body. As thyroid hormone levels decrease, damage to tissues and organs can occur. Hypothyroidism is more prevalent in women due to different causes such as: thyroiditis, alteration of the immune system, viral or respiratory infections, iodine deficiency, thyroid cancer. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in women between 30 and 40 years of age attended at the Hospital de Specialties José Carrasco Arteaga, period 2020. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out. The information was obtained through the AS-400 system from 203 women aged 30 to 40 years who were attended at the Hospital de Specialties José Carrasco Arteaga in the year 2020. The project was carried out by means of a letter of interest, where it was assured that the information extracted would be used ethically. Qualitative and quantitative variables were used and represented in simple tables of frequency, percentage, and statistical analysis with SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: Of the 203 patients analyzed, it was found that 17.7% of the population presented hypothyroidism, 41.7% corresponded to the urban area, 38.9% were overweight, 91.6% belonged to the mestizo ethnic group, and 61.1% were married women. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism had a prevalence of 17.7% in women aged 33 to 35 years, mainly in urban areas, in non-pregnant patients who were overweight, of mestizo ethnicity and married. These findings highlight the importance of surveillance and early detection of hypothyroidism in this population group to improve medical care and prevent associated complications.