Prevalencia de la estancia hospitalaria prolongada en pacientes adultos mayores con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y factores asociados. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca, 2021

Abstract

Introduction: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which occurs outside the hospital environment, is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality, mainly in older adults. Objective: to determine the prevalence of prolonged hospital stay and its associated factors in older adults with CAP, at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM) in Cuenca. Materials and methods: cross-sectional analytical study, with 129 older adults admitted to the Internal Medicine service of the HVCM for CAP during the year 2021, was made. To collect the information, the observational method was used, using direct interviews and the patients' clinical histories as instruments. Through the Chi-Square test, categorical associations were made, while the risk was determined with OR, in 2x2 tables. The significance of 5% (p<0.05) was obtained through the Mann-Whitney U-test. Data processing was performed using SPSS v.27. Results: the prevalence of prolonged hospital stay was 65.89%, with a median of 11 days and an average of 17.5 days; and its associated factors were age, severity of pneumonia (69.4% of patients presented class IV), cognitive impairment and dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (severe and moderate). Conclusions: the main factors associated with prolonged hospital stay were the severity of CAP, dependence on instrumental activities of daily living. In addition, it was determined that the lower the cognitive impairment and the more advanced the age, the shorter the hospitalization.