Evaluación in vitro de biofungicidas y ácido salicílico frente a fungicidas químicos para el control de antracnosis en tomate de árbol

Abstract

Anthracnose known as "chicken eye", caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp, which is widely distributed in production areas, is the most important disease, since the pathogen not only attacks the fruit at any phenological stage but also the leaves, branches and inflorescences, thus reducing the productive life of the tree by up to 50%. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate, under in vitro conditions, biofungicides and salicylic acid against chemical products for the control of anthracnose in tree tomato. Samples were taken from 12 farms distributed in the provinces of Azuay, Loja and Cañar. For the collection, the fruits presented the characteristics of the disease as black lesions, accompanied by masses of pink conidia. These samples were subjected to isolation and purification for inhibition tests. The treatments evaluated were salicylic acid 0.4mM, Bacillus subtilis 5ml/L, Bacillus pumilus 5ml/L, pyraclostrobin 13.3% + epoxiconazole 5% 1ml/L, captan 1g/L, difenoconazole 0.75ml/L, and iprodione 1ml/L plus a control treatment. At the in vitro level, salicylic acid inhibited mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. from samples collected in the provinces of Azuay, Loja and Cañar, while the T5 treatment (captan) inhibited mycelial growth in samples from Azuay and Loja in the localities of Don Julo, Urdaneta and Saraguro.