Características clínico-epidemiológicas de los recién nacidos con bajo peso, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca. Enero- agosto, 2021

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight is a worldwide problem, especially prevalent in developing countries, which can be present in both premature and full-term infants. Objective: to identify the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of low-birth-weight neonates born at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during the period January-August 2021. Methods: study carried out with 334 neonates who were born in the Obstetric Center of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and who met the inclusion criteria. The data was collected from the neonatology and gynecology clinical history, in a form made by the author, and was analyzed in the SPSS V.23 software, using descriptive statistics. Results: 68% of mothers were between 20-35 years old, with approximately 50% having secondary education and belonging to the urban area. The AEG weight prevailed with 75%, the adequate height with 65% and the female sex with 52%. Digestive malformations were observed in 2%. The most frequent prenatal antecedents were: obesity (25.7%), anemia (24.5%) and preeclampsia (24.3%). The most frequent postnatal antecedents were: icterus (42.5%), respiratory distress (36.5%) and sepsis (32.9%). 50.8% of neonates required hospitalization. Most received enteral feeding (82.6%) and supplementation with ACD vitamins (30.5%). Mortality was 4.5%. Conclusions: Most of the patients with low weight were adequate for gestational age, with obesity as a predominance and preeclampsia in small for gestational age.