Factores de riesgo y protección familiares en niños, niñas y adolescentes, usuarios de los proyectos de erradicación del trabajo infantil, de la Asociación RAFALEX, 2022

Abstract

This investigation is motivated by the need to know the reality of the families of children and adolescents who are in child labor, starting from the perception of the family itself, whose objective was to determine the family risk and protection factors of children and adolescents, users of the projects for the Eradication of Child Labor in the city of Cuenca and the rural parish of Santa Ana, RAFALEX Association, 2022. In the applied methodology, a mixed approach was used; for the collection of quantitative information, the survey technique was used, through a questionnaire called "Risk factors and family protection", which was applied to the representatives of children and adolescents; on the other hand, to collect qualitative information, the structured question guide "Perception of the family, social and institutional environment" was used. For this, the study population was made up of 112 representatives of 132 children and adolescents, users of the mentioned Projects. The main results obtained related to family risk factors are the economic problems detected in the two projects, in ETI Cuenca, with 45.8% and in ETI Santa Ana, with 56.7%; domestic violence was the second predominant factor in the ETI Cuenca project with 38.9%, while in the ETI Santa Ana project poor communication is identified with 26.7%. Regarding protection factors, it was identified that 36.67% of children and adolescents from the ETI Santa Ana project are in families that do not have all the protection factors such as acceptance of problems and search for solutions, positive family dynamics, the resilience of parents or representatives; meanwhile, in the ETI Cuenca project, the same protection factors are absent in 11.11% of its users, including positive parenting. Based on the research findings, an intervention proposal is established from Social Work, as a contribution to the reduction of child labor, contributing to the third specific objective.