Biomechanics of the athletic walk. Kinematic analysis of its development and comparison with normal walk

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of race-walk is to move the body at the highest possible speed, retaining characteristics similar to those of normal gait due to requirements of the regulation. This, together with the pursuit of speed, makes the running pattern seem uncomfortable, forced and unnatural. Objective: to analyze joint mobility of the upper and lower extremities, inclinations and rotations of scapular and pelvic girdles, the displacement of the gravity center, and prone-supination of the hindfoot in the displacement of the walk race and the normal one. Methods: Participants were 8 marchers (4 men and 4 women) with a mean age of 21.63 years (± 4.24). The ORTOBIO 3D analysis system was used, studying the variables mentioned in three attempts, averaging three cycles. Results: The duration of athletic walking cycle is lower than that of normal walk, mainly due to shorter duration of the support phase. Likewise, the articular movements, inclinations and rotations are smaller, which means that the vertical displacement of gravity center (GC) is less pronounced, the length of stride and cadence being greater, contributing to the speed increase. Conclusions: the article shows six general conclusions that specify characteristics of movement in athletic walk compared to normal walk, updating descriptive and correlational analyzes in the international literature.