Mortalidad y su relación con el índice de masa corporal y terapia nutricional en pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Guasmo Sur desde agosto 2020 a agosto 2021

Abstract

Worldwide, the prevalence of obese patients is increasing and represents 20% in intensive care units. This condition is associated with multiple diseases, more hospital admissions and risk of mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of mortality and its relationship with the body mass index of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Guasmo Sur Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 348 medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Medical records that have sociodemographic variables, admission diagnosis, body mass index, nutritional therapy and APACHE II score were included, and medical records of children under 18 years of age and pregnant women were excluded. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS v21 program was used, descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentage, measures of central tendency (mean) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation), for association the chi-square was used, the prevalence ratio with an interval confidence of 95% and for statistical significance a value of (< 0.05). Results: An association was found between mortality and nutritional therapy (p=0.000). The BMI did not present data that had statistically significant influence on mortality (p=0.16). Conclusions: The percentage of mortality was 49.71%. Of these, 44.54% were overweight and 63.58% received enteral nutrition. Age, nutritional therapy, APACHE II scale, admission diagnosis and mechanic ventilation were related to mortality.