Evaluación de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos en muestras de heces, obtenidas de cobayos (Cavia porcellus) en explotaciones de tipo familiar y familiar- comercial

Abstract

The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in guinea pigs to control enteric pathogens affects the food sustainability of the rural population, therefore it is important to identify the pathogen, its resistance and the appropriate antimicrobial agent for its control. The present investigation was carried out in family and family- commercial guinea pig farms in 8 rural parishes of the Gualaceo canton, province of Azuay, Ecuador, from where 384 samples were obtained by rectal swab of guinea pigs from production units with enteric problems (diarrhea), that were transferred to the laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cuenca, where the culture media infection and identification of the pathogenic agents present were carried out, which were later exposed to an antibiogram, in order to qualitatively evaluate their resistance. bacterial. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed, where based on the frequencies, a greater presence of Escherichia coli (49.4%) was found, followed by Salmonella typhimurium (24.6%), Shigella flexneri (14.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.7%). In the chi 2 test, it was found that, of the five antimicrobials used, only one of them has a relationship (Tetracycline), between the bacterial presence and their respective resistance. It was also found that Escherichia coli presented a higher percentage of resistance compared to other bacteria, towards Enrofloxacin 22.5%; Neomycin 14.2%; Sulfamethoxazole – trimethoprim 33.3%; Tetracyclines 29.2%, data that were analyzed at a confidence level of 95% with a 5% error, concluding that the pathogens identified have low resistance to the antimicrobials used, but are still susceptible.