Prevalencia y caracterización del trauma en atención prehospitalaria en el Ministerio de Salud Pública, ciudad de Cañar, período 2020-2021

Abstract

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults and children worldwide. In Ecuador, in 2014 the number of deaths due to trauma reached 5768 cases. Adequate and immediate management of patients in the prehospital area is required to reduce mortality rates. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterization of trauma in prehospital care in the Ministry of Public Health, city of Cañar, period 2020 - 2021. Method: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients treated for trauma in the prehospital care service of the Luis Martínez Hospital between March 2020 and June 2021, using the medical records and anonymized database of the hospital. The statistical program SPSS v.25 was used and tables of frequency, prevalence, cross tables were made for data correlation. Results: The prevalence of trauma in the Prehospital Care service was 18.5%, the frequency was higher in young men, 56.3%, most traumas are due to falls, 52.8%, which cause polytrauma. in 25.6%, the Glasgow was favorable in 73.5% in relation to the types of trauma. There was a high percentage of patients treated on scene, 67.8%, and 88% did not present complications secondary to trauma. Conclusions: Injuries are an important cause of mortality and morbidity, affecting young men more frequently. In the present study there was low mortality, however, it is necessary to work on policies that improve accessibility and times in prehospital care.