Frecuencia y causas de cesárea en primigestas atendidas en el departamento de obstetricia del Hospital de especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca 2020

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section is a surgical procedure performed in order to preserve the life of the mother or fetus. Statistical data from INEC show that for 2020 in the public sector the prevalence of cesarean deliveries was 34.8% while in the private sector the rate reached 84.2%, values well above those recommended by the World Health Organization, which should range between 10-15%. Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of cesarean section in primigravidae attended at the obstetrics department of the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, 2020. Methodology: A descriptive-retrospective study was carried out. The universe of the data collected consisted of the clinical histories of the patients attended in the obstetrics department, whose information is registered in the AS400 system of the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 26 program, which was presented in tables. Results: At the Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, 6 out of 10 primigravidas ended their pregnancy by cesarean delivery. Of these, the predominant cause was non-reassuring fetal status with 21.4%, followed by preeclampsia with severe criteria with 13.9%. The average age of the patients was 25.9 years +-6.255. Most patients had an adequate number of prenatal controls with an average of 7.1 +-2.1. The majority of patients were single 38%, with secondary education 54%, coming from and living in Cuenca (57.8% and 60.4% respectively). Conclusions: The frequency of cesarean section in primigravidae is above the percentage recommended by the WHO. The main cause corresponds to non-reassuring fetal status. Most cesarean sections were performed in term patients with an adequate number of prenatal controls.