Efectividad de la toxina botulínica vs métodos alternativos como opción para el manejo de pacientes con bruxismo: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To determine if botulinum toxin is effective as a treatment for adult patients diagnosed with bruxism according to RCT-type scientific articles that have been published from 2016 to 2021. Methodology: An electronic search was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022 through three digital databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library), using the keywords "Bruxism", " ̈Teeth grinding", "Botulinum toxin", “Botox”, “Botulinum toxin A”, “Botulinum toxin type A” combined through the Boolean equation “AND”. For this review, the PRISMA scientific tool was considered, articles published in the last 5 years, in English and Spanish, in adult patients with bruxism, RCT type and prospective comparing Botox with placebo or traditional methods were included. Results: Of 90 screened articles, 6 RCTs were included in the review. Of these, 3 studies compared the effectiveness of BTX with occlusal splints and the remaining 3 with placebo. No significant differences were found between both methods and a decrease in symptoms and episodes of bruxism was observed. Control sessions were carried out up to 12 months without reporting adverse effects. Conclusions: BTX and traditional methods are appropriate for the treatment of bruxism because they reduce symptoms and prevent the appearance or progression of clinical signs. Nevertheless; considering that the pathology is multifactorial, the ideal treatment should be multidisciplinary, including: psychological and neurological treatment, physical therapy, pharmacological treatment, BTX applications combined with occlusal splints and restorative treatments.