Formación de biopelículas y mecanismo de quorum sensing como estrategia de resistencia microbiana- revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Bacteria can relate to each other by forming multicellular aggregates known as biofilms. These associations of pathogenic microorganisms allow bacterial communities to resist the action of antimicrobials, stress and the host immune response. Additionally, bacteria employ signaling mechanisms called quorum sensing (QS), mediated by the production of molecules that regulate the behavior of the entire bacterial population and influence the formation of biofilms. This mechanism enhances resistance to antimicrobial drugs, being common in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Several diseases have been associated with these mechanisms, which makes treatment approaches difficult, so new approaches are being sought for treatments focused on bacterial biofilm formation mediated by QS. The present study evaluated the role of biofilm formation and QS in the development of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms through a descriptive, observational and literature review research in which scientific articles were collected from several databases published in the last 10 years. As results, the main QS mechanisms used by the most common and clinically important bacterial phenotypes were described. In addition, several systems associated with the inhibition of these processes were established. Finally, it is expected to promote the development of new studies focused on the determination of strategies to counteract the formation of biofilms mediated by QS in pathogenic bacteria.