distribución de la mutación braf (b-raf proto-oncogen serina/treonina kinasa) según características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer papilar de tiroides. Solca-Cuenca 2019-2020

Abstract

Background: Cancer is one of the most common pathologies today. Thyroid cancer is no exception. In Latin America it is in seventh place with an incidence of 3.9% (54741 cases) and in Ecuador it ranks fifth for both sexes with an incidence of 5.7% (1597 cases). According to the tumor registry of SOLCA - Cuenca, it is established that within the main locations of cancer of residents in the canton of Cuenca in the period 2010 -2014, the thyroid gland occupies the first place among the female sex with 387 cases, and for the male sex ranks seventh with a total of 64 cases. General objective: Determine the distribution of B-RAF according to epidemiological and histopathological characteristics in patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer treated in SOLCA-CUENCA from 2019 to 2020. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective study applied to patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer in whom the genetic study of the BRAF mutation has been carried out. 106 medical records that met the selection criteria were analyzed. This information was obtained from the SOLCA Cancer Institute database. SPSS version 22.0 software was used. Results: The most frequent age of presentation was the interval between 30 and 39 years (27%) with 29 cases. It presents an average of 46 years with the maximum age of 79 and the minimum age of 18 years. 83% of the patients were female (88 cases). Regarding residence, 85% belonged to urban areas with 90 cases. 48% of patients dedicated to cleaning. 100% of the patients had no personal history of exposure to ionizing radiation. 72% of them did not have a family history of cancer, while 28% (30 cases) did. Regarding the mutation of the BRAF gene, 75% of the patients had a mutation with 80 cases. 80% (80 cases) were in clinical stage I. The most common lesion site was the right lobe with 58% (61 cases).

The BRAF mutation occurs in a greater proportion in those over 45 years of age with 55% (44 cases), as well as in women with 85% (68 cases), in those who reside in urban areas and are dedicated to cleaning with 84% (67 cases) and 48% (39 cases) respectively, in those who had no personal history of exposure to ionizing radiation or family cancer history with 100% (80 cases) and 70% (56 cases) respectively, in stage I with 84% (67 cases) and in terms of the site of injury, it occurs mostly in the right lobe with 59% (47 cases). Conclusions: The BRAF mutation was present in 75% of the cases and they belonged to an age over 45 years, were women, lived in urban areas, were dedicated to cleaning, had no history, were in the clinical stage. I and it occurred mostly in the right lobe