Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para la anemia en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital General Macas, 2020-2021

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational anemia is a public health problem in different countries of the world due to the increase in morbidity and mortality of the maternal-fetal binomial. Its prevalence is high. The recognition of risk factors improves the design of intervention programs in favor of the health of pregnant women. Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for anemia in pregnant women treated at the Hospital General Macas, 2020-2021 Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 144 mothers treated in the obstetrics consultation of the “Hospital General Macas”. The variables of interest in the study were taken from the clinical records of the patients. The analysis was carried out with the SPSS v15.0 program, using descriptive and inferential statistics, considering statistically significant results at values of p <0.05. Results: The prevalence of gestational anemia is 29.9% (95% CI: 25.1 - 34 ,7), according to the classification of anemia severity, 18.1% was mild and 11.1% was moderate, no severe cases were identified. It is more frequent between 19-24 years old 12.5%, in single women 13.2%, who are dedicated to housework 15.3%, who live in rural areas 16.0% and with a low level of education 14 .6%. Gestational anemia is also more frequent among primigravid women 11.8%, in the third trimester of pregnancy 20.1% and who have one or two prenatal controls 15.3%. The factors associated with gestational anemia were age p= 0.045, occupation p= 0.022 and consumption of iron and vitamins p=0.000. Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational anemia is high, it is especially related to conditions of poverty and it is associated with age, occupation and lack of iron and vitamin supplements.