Prevalencia y factores asociados de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos mayores atendidos en el área de clínica del Hospital de especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, 2019

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the pathologies with the highest morbidity and mortality in older adult patients globally, with a significant percentage requiring hospitalization. Objective: To establish the prevalence and identify the factors associated with the hospitalization of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated at José Carrasco Arteaga Specialty Hospital. Azuay-Cuenca, 2019. Materials and method: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out, with a sample of 238 medical records of older adult patients, later the respective data were collected using a form, which were exported to the SPSS version 25 program and a descriptive and analytical analysis was carried out. Results: a prevalence of CAP of 21% was found, CI 95%=15.6 - 26.4. The most prevalent months were January, May, August and September. The average age was 81 years, predominantly female 60%, the hospital stay had an average of 10-12 days, the specific mortality rate was 16%. Statistical significance was found in the clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics with a P value < 0.05. The most frequent comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27.6%), cerebrovascular accident (26.9%), heart failure (25%). Living in the care of a caregiver was a protective factor for CAP, while the predisposing factors had statistical significance with a p<0.05: recurrence and the first infection of CAP, previous care, living with the family, in the nursing home and alone. Conclusions: BIRTH in the elderly is a health problem that is maintained over time, with high hospitalization rates and therefore greater use of health resources.