Beneficios y efectos psicológicos que produce la actividad física en adultos hipertensos de la tercera edad. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

The main objective of this bibliographic review is to analyze the benefits on the physical condition and psychological effects that physical activity produces in hypertensive elderly people, through a bibliographic review. In this way, I sought to investigate how physical activity helps to improve the physical condition of the hypertensive older adult as well as improve their mental health, which will allow the adult to carry out activities of daily living independently, thus improving your quality of life. For this review, articles in Spanish published between January 2000 and August 2020 were included. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Medline Plus, Scielo, Dialnet, and Google Scholar and the following keywords were used "activity physical”, “arterial hypertension”, “elderly” and “psychological effects”. The study design is a bibliographic review. A total of 200 articles were found, of which 17 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the preparation of this bibliographic review. As results of this research, it was found that physical activity is very beneficial, since it reduces blood pressure values, thus reducing the risk of mortality, improves physical condition with respect to strength, flexibility, aerobic capacity, and balance, and psychologically, physical activity reduces depression and sleep problems. The type of activity recommended for older adults with arterial hypertension is aerobic, such as: walking, running, swimming, cycling, among others, which should be practiced at a moderate intensity between 40-60% of VO2 max, with a frequency of 3-4 times a week for 30-60 min daily.