Revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de los resultados negativos de seguridad asociados al uso crónico de los fármacos inhibidores de la bomba de protones en pacientes adultos y adultos mayores

Abstract

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a pharmacological group used worldwide, where their prescription or self-medication has increased considerably, which has aroused the interest of the medical and scientific community, due to the appearance of diverse negative safety results associated with the medication (NRM). In this context, the aim of this research was to determine the clinically important negative safety outcomes associated with the long term use of PPIs. For this purpose, a literature search and review were performed, which included 66 observational studies, published between 2000 and 2021, which were retrieved from the following databases: Cochrane library, Base Search, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer link. The results obtained from the bibliographic review indicated that, after the use more than 1 year of proton pump inhibitor, the most reported safety problems were: risk of developing fractures (25,76%), chronic kidney disease (12,12%) and Clostridium difficile infections (10,61%). In smaller proportions: respiratory infections, cancer, fundic gland polyps, hypomagnesemia, infectious gastritis, cholangitis, AKI, kidney stones, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, pyogenic liver abscess were reported as possible risks due to prolonged use of PPIs. In addition, the studies indicated a higher prevalence in older adults, where the female gender was the most affected, representing 55,6% of the patients. From the literature review, it is concluded that the prolonged use of PPIs may increase the risk of the aforementioned safety NRM, thus recommending greater vigilance in the use of these drugs.