Análisis del comportamiento hidráulico de rejas (imbornales) para diferentes configuraciones geométricas de vías en la ciudad de Cuenca

Abstract

The study presented has the purpose of analyzing the behavior of the catchment grids in different geometric configurations (four), with representative slopes, in the streets of the City of Cuenca. The amount of rainwater and the hydraulic values of speed and depth are the variables that are examined to determine the hydraulic efficiency of the scuppers. For this, the collection efficiency is examined in the first instance, which is affected by parameters such as transverse and longitudinal slopes, roughness coefficients of the street or sidewalk, and coefficients of each grid that in turn depend on the arrangement of the holes and the orientation in which they are located. In addition, it becomes important to have pluviometric information that, for the investigation, deals with two registered historical events where the city was affected by floods or by high volumes of surface runoff. In the same way, there are IDF curves that are as up-to-date as possible, to establish project rains with return periods of 2 and 10 years, thus achieving the analysis of the hydraulic behavior of the bars present in the streets. All this thanks to the modeling of surface drainage systems through the computer program called HEC-HMS. For the evaluation of these models, there are evaluation criteria called risk criteria, which are governed by the danger caused to people and vehicles by the levels of draft and speed. With these variables, the analysis of the improvements contemplated (five) is made, having as first the replacement of the current bars by standardized commercial bars and with greater efficiency; As a second model, we have the optimization of separation between scuppers for the current conditions of the grid. As a third point, optimization of the separation between scuppers is chosen for the application conditions of a change to a commercial grill. The fourth model is the replacement of the current bars by commercial bars considering the same percentage of obstruction in both cases; and as a last analysis model, it will be evaluated if the optimization developed in the previous criteria continues to work in the case of obstruction of the bars. All this with the aim of seeing an improvement in the design and that the level of danger is reduced for the safety of vehicles and pedestrians. Finally, optimal distances are defined, according to the available theory of separation of scuppers, according to different representative slopes found in the city of Cuenca.