Determinación de los principales agentes químicos y biológicos presentes en el relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Cañar

Abstract

There is significant exposure to chemical and biological risk factors in the management of solid waste in landfills. This research aims to identify the main chemical and biological contaminants present in the landfill of the City of Cañar. For the study, qualitative and quantitative methods and scientific observation were used, fundamental for a diagnosis of the working conditions and health of the workers. The presence of chemical and biological contaminants were obtained as a result, which are presented separately in this test. Explosive gases were identified as: methane (CH4), propane (CH3H8), ammonia (NH3) and benzene (C6H6); Commonly used insecticides and agrochemicals: Chlorpilaq 48, Zelopag, Pyrimetha, Ranger 480; and in the wastewater presence of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd*), chromium (Cr*), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), compounds that by their nature are highly toxic to humans. On the other hand, the main biological agents found were Covid-19 and the vast majority were fecal coliforms: Escherichia coli, staphylococcus, salmonella, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, candida albicans, cspergillus niger. In conclusion, there is significant exposure to risk factors, both chemical and biological, in the Yurak Kasha management center; however, the organization in charge of solid waste management in Cañar city, through its department of occupational health and safety implements actions and corrective measures that help mitigate the consequences of exposure to these risk factors.